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- Eriksen, Jaran, et al.
(författare)
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Antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection: Swedish recommendations 2016.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Infectious diseases (London, England). - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4243 .- 2374-4235. ; 49:1, s. 1-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Medical Products Agency and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) have jointly published recommendations for the treatment of HIV infection on seven previous occasions (2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2014). In February 2016, an expert group under the guidance of RAV once more revised the guidelines. The most important updates in the present guidelines are as follows: Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has recently been registered. TAF has several advantages over tenofovir disoproxilfumarate (TDF) and is recommended instead of TDF in most cases. First-line treatment for previously untreated individuals includes dolutegravir, boosted darunavir or efavirenz with either abacavir/lamivudine or tenofovir (TDF/TAF)/emtricitabine. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is recommended for high-risk individuals. As in the case of the previous publication, recommendations are evidence-graded in accordance with the Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine ( http://www.cebm.net/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009/ ) ( Table 1 ). This document does not cover treatment of opportunistic infections and tumours. [Table: see text].
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- Karlström, Anders, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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An extended analytical model including a layered
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental Vibrations, ISEV2005. - 0415390354 ; , s. 303-310
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ground vibrations are investigated with an analytical approach. The ground is modelled as a layered half-space on which a layered embankment is placed. Situated on top of the embankment, the sleepers are modelled with an anisotropic Kirchhoff plate and the rails as Euler-Bernoulli beams. In the equation for the rails, propagating wheel loads with constant velocity are accounted for. The analyzing method is based on Fourier transforms in time and along the space coordinate parallel with the track. In the transverse direction Fourier transforms are adopted in the ground, whereas Fourier cosine and Fourier sine series are used in the embankment layers. The numerical scheme is very efficient. In particular the beam-like rectangular elastic region (embankment) is compared with the Euler-Bernoulli beam, both supported on a layered ground. With the same bending stiffness, the two solutions are seen to differ already from 0 Hz.
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| 6. |
- Karlström, Anders, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Efficiency of trenches along railways for trains moving at sub- or supersonic speeds
- 2007
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Ingår i: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. ; 27, s. 625-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A full 3D analytical approach is adopted to account for trenches on one or both sides close to a railroad. Low-frequency ground vibrations are investigated due to passing trains, and open trenches are used as wave barriers. The modelling technique is based on Fourier transforms and Fourier series. The ground is modelled as a layered semi-infinite domain and the embankment with finite layers. The trenches are obtained by simulating the upper surface layer with two or three finite rectangular regions with appropriate widths. A particular boundary condition is adopted on the vertical sides of all finite regions to enable the solution procedure. Rails and sleepers are accounted for with Euler-Bernoulli beams and an anisotropic plate with transversal isotropy. The wheel loads from the boggie wheel pairs of the train are simulated as moving forces. Hence, no irregularities in rails or wheels are accounted for.
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- Almström, Peter, 1980-
(författare)
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Three essays on transport CBA uncertainty
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) has for a long time been used in transport planning, but it is often questioned. One main argument against CBA is that the results depend largely on assumptions regarding one or a few input factors, as for example the future fuel price or valuation of CO2 emissions.The three papers included in this thesis investigate some aspects of uncertainty in transport CBA calculations. The two first papers explore how changes in input data assumptions affect the CBA ranking of six rail and road investments in Stockholm. The first paper deals with the effect of different land-use assumptions while the second deals with the influence of economic growth, driving cost and public transport fare. The third paper investigates how alternative formulations of the public transport mode choice and route choice affect travel flows, ticket revenues and consumer surplus. These are important factors previously known to affect CBA results.The findings of the first two papers suggest that CBA results are robust concerning different land-use scenarios and single input factors. No change in rank between a road and a rail object is observed in the performed model calculations, and only one change between two road objects. The fact that CBA results seem robust regarding input assumptions supports the use CBA as a tool for selecting transport investments. The results in the third paper indicate that if there is detailed interest in, for example, number of boardings and ticket income from a certain transit line, or the total benefit of a price change, a more detailed formulation of the public transport mode choice and route choice will provide more reliable results. On the other hand, this formulation requires substantially more data on the transit line and price structure than the conventional formulation used in Swedish transport planning, especially in areas with many different pricing systems.
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