| 1. |
- Callinan, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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A gender-focused multilevel analysis of how country, regional and individual level factors relate to harm from others' drinking
- 2022
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Ingår i: Drugs. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0968-7637 .- 1465-3370. ; 29:1, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to examine how gender, age and education, regional prevalence of male and female risky drinking and country-level economic gender equality are associated with harms from other people's drinking.Methods: 24,823 adults in 10 countries were surveyed about harms from drinking by people they know and strangers. Country-level economic gender equality and regional prevalence of risky drinking along with age and gender were entered as independent variables into three-level random intercept models predicting alcohol-related harm.Findings: At the individual level, younger respondents were consistently more likely to report harms from others' drinking, while, for women, higher education was associated with lower risk of harms from known drinkers but higher risk of harms from strangers. Regional rate of men's risky drinking was associated with known and stranger harm, while regional-level women's risky drinking was associated with harm from strangers. Gender equality was only associated with harms in models that did not include risky drinking.Conclusions: Youth and regional levels of men's drinking were consistently associated with harm from others attributable to alcohol. Policies that decrease the risky drinking of men would be likely to reduce harms attributable to the drinking of others.
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| 2. |
- Cook, Won Kim, et al.
(författare)
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Drinking cultures and socioeconomic risk factors for alcohol and drug use disorders among first- and second-generation immigrants : A longitudinal analysis of Swedish population data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716. ; 226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few longitudinal studies investigate predictors of substance use incidence among immigrants. The current study describes substance use disorders in immigrants to Sweden, focusing on drinking culture in the country of origin and socioeconomic status (SES), and how these intersect with generational status to influence risk. Methods: Using pseudonymized Swedish population registry data, we track onset of alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder in a longitudinal study of 815,778 first-generation immigrants and 674,757 second-generation immigrants from 64 countries over a 6-year period. Cox regression analysis estimated risks of alcohol and drug use disorders in second-generation immigrants compared to first-generation, and moderation analyses assessed interactions of generational status with country-of-origin per capita alcohol consumption and SES. Results: Immigrants and second-generation immigrants originating from countries with high levels of alcohol consumption had higher risks for alcohol and drug use disorders. Immigrants with high SES had lower risks for alcohol and drug use disorders. The interaction between generational status and country-of-origin alcohol consumption was significant for drug use disorder (not for alcohol use disorder), with drug use disorder risk for second-generation immigrants being highest for those from countries with the lowest level of country-of-origin per capita alcohol consumption. The interaction between generational status and SES was significant for alcohol use disorder, with low-SES second-generation immigrants showing markedly higher risk than first-generation immigrants with comparable SES. Conclusions: Among immigrants in Sweden, second-generation immigrants are at increased risk of developing alcohol and drug use disorders, particularly if they have lower SES. Policy and community attention to these high-risk subgroups in immigrant communities is warranted.
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| 3. |
- Edwards, Alexis C., et al.
(författare)
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Time-specific and cumulative effects of exposure to parental externalizing behavior on risk for young adult alcohol use disorder
- 2017
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4603. ; 72, s. 8-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous studies indicate that parental externalizing behavior (EB) is a robust risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in their children, and that this is due to both inherited genetic liability and environmental exposure. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of exposure to parental EB vary as a function of timing and/or chronicity. Methods We identified biological parents with an alcohol use disorder, drug abuse, or criminal behavior, during different periods of their child's upbringing, using Swedish national registries. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the effect of parental EB exposure during different developmental periods differentially impacted children's risk for young adult AUD (ages 19–24). In addition, we tested how multiply affected parents and/or sustained exposure to affected parents impacted risk. Results While parental EB increased risk for young adult AUD, timing of exposure did not differentially impact risk. Having a second affected parent increased the risk of AUD additionally, and sustained exposure to parental EB across multiple periods resulted in a higher risk of young adult AUD than exposure in only one period. Conclusions In this well-powered population study, there was no evidence of “sensitive periods” of exposure to national registry-ascertained parental EB with respect to impact on young adult AUD, but sustained exposure was more pathogenic than limited exposure. These findings suggest developmental timing does not meaningfully vary the impact, but rather there is a pervasive risk for development of young adult AUD for children and adolescents exposed to parental EB.
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| 4. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol Availability and Onset and Recurrence of Alcohol Use Disorder : Examination in a Longitudinal Cohort with Cosibling Analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008. ; 42:6, s. 1105-1112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recent reviews of associations of alcohol availability with alcohol outcomes suggest findings are highly inconsistent and highlight a lack of longitudinal and causal evidence. Effect modification (moderation or statistical interaction), which could contribute to the inconsistent picture in the existing literature, has not been systematically assessed. We examined associations of alcohol availability with onset and recurrence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) using multilevel, longitudinal population data from Sweden and tested hypothesized effect modifiers to identify groups for whom increased alcohol availability may be particularly risky. We also employed cosibling models to assess potential causality for AUD onset by accounting for genetic and shared-environment confounders. Methods: Data come from all individuals born in Sweden between 1950 and 1975 who were registered in a residential neighborhood at the end of 2005 (N = 2,633,922). We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate time to AUD onset and logistic regression to assess the odds of AUD recurrence over an 8-year period. Results: Living in a neighborhood with at least 1 alcohol outlet of any type was associated with a small increase in the likelihood of developing AUD, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.19). Among people with a prior AUD registration, alcohol availability was not significantly associated with recurrence of AUD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.05). Associations of alcohol availability with AUD onset varied according to sex, age, education, neighborhood deprivation, and urbanicity. HRs from the sibling models were similar to those in the general population models, with an adjusted HR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.24). Conclusions: Effects varied among neighborhood residents, but greater alcohol availability was a risk factor for AUD onset (but not relapse) in all groups examined except women. Cosibling models suggest there may be a causal relationship of greater alcohol availability with adult-onset AUD.
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| 5. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol's Harm to Others : Opportunities and Challenges in a Public Health Framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 79:2, s. 239-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergent and growing body of research on alcohol's harm to others (AHTO), or secondhand effects of drinking, has important implications for prevention, intervention, and policy. Those victimized by other drinkers tend to favor effective alcohol policies more than their nonvictimized peers, but often a community's impulse will be to combat AHTO by targeting and stigmatizing individual heavy drinkers, rather than taking a public health approach to reducing harm. Here we discuss opportunities and challenges in selecting ways of reducing AHTO. We make a case for adopting joint public health and individual approaches to reduce AHTO.
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| 6. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Can alcohol policy prevent harms to women and children from men's alcohol consumption? An overview of existing literature and suggested ways forward
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of drug policy. - 0955-3959 .- 1873-4758. ; 119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization's list of cost-effective alcohol control policies is a widely-used resource that highlights strategies to address alcohol-related harms. However, there is more evidence on how recommended policies impact harms to people who drink alcohol-such as physical health problems caused by heavy alcohol use-than on secondhand harms inflicted on someone other than the person drinking alcohol, i.e., alcohol's harms to others. In this essay, we describe evidence of impacts of alcohol policy on harms to women and children resulting from men's alcohol consumption, as well as options for making policies more relevant for reducing intimate partner violence and child abuse. We begin with an overview of harms to women and children resulting from men's alcohol consumption and review cost-effective alcohol policies with potential to reduce these harms based on likely mechanisms of action. Next, we present a rapid review of reviews to describe existing evidence of impacts of these policies on the outcomes of physical violence, sexual violence, and child abuse and neglect. We found little evidence of systematic evaluation of impacts of these important alcohol policies on harms to women and children. Thus, we advocate for increased attention in evaluation research to the impacts of alcohol policies on harms experienced by women and children who are exposed to men who drink alcohol. We also argue for more consideration of a broader range of policies and interventions to reduce these specific types of harm. Finally, we present a conceptual model illustrating how alcohol policies may be supplemented with other interventions specifically tailored to reduce alcohol-related harms commonly experienced by women and children as a result of men's alcohol use.
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| 7. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Chains of risk for alcohol use disorder : Mediators of exposure to neighborhood deprivation in early and middle childhood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health and Place. - : Elsevier BV. - 1353-8292. ; 50, s. 16-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our goal was to test a cascade model to identify developmental pathways, or chains of risk, from neighborhood deprivation in childhood to alcohol use disorder (AUD) in young adulthood. Using Swedish general population data, we examined whether exposure to neighborhood deprivation during early and middle childhood was associated with indicators of social functioning in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and whether these were predictive of AUD. Structural equation models showed exposure to neighborhood deprivation was associated with lower school achievement during adolescence, poor social functioning during emerging adulthood, and the development of AUD for both males and females. Understanding longitudinal pathways from early exposure to adverse environments to later AUD can inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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| 8. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Disparities in pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in the context of universal health care : A Swedish register study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140. ; 112:8, s. 1386-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Pharmacotherapy can be an important part of the continuum of care for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Swedish universal health-care system emphasizes provision of care to marginalized groups. The primary aim was to test associations of neighborhood deprivation and disadvantaged social status with receipt of AUD pharmacotherapy in this context. Design: Data from linked population registers were used to follow an open cohort over 7 years. Setting: Sweden. Participants: Alcohol-related ICD-10 codes reported for all hospitalizations in the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and all clinic/office visits in the Outpatient Care Register between 2005 and 2012 were used to identify 62549 cases with AUD. Measurements: The primary outcome was any AUD pharmacotherapy (naltrexone, disulfiram, acamprosate, nalmefene) picked up by patients between 2005 and 2012 (versus none), based on the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Neighborhood deprivation was defined using aggregated data from the Total Population Register; indicators of disadvantaged social status (income, education, country of origin) also came from this source. Findings: Approximately half the cases (53.7%) picked up one or more AUD pharmacotherapy prescriptions. In adjusted models, people living in neighborhoods with moderate [odds ratio (OR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86, 0.95] or high levels of deprivation (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.70, 0.79) compared with low deprivation, those with lower incomes (for example, lowest quartile: OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.66, 0.73 compared with highest) and less education (for example, < 10 years: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.85 compared with 12+ years) and people born outside Sweden (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.71, 0.78 compared with Swedish-born) were significantly less likely to pick up a prescription for AUD pharmacotherapy during the study period. Conclusions: There appear to be socio-economic disparities in the receipt of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder in Sweden.
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| 9. |
- Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine J., et al.
(författare)
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Young men's behavioral competencies and risk of alcohol use disorder in emerging adulthood : Early protective effects of parental education
- 2021
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Ingår i: Development and Psychopathology. - 0954-5794. ; 33:1, s. 135-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how early exposure to parental externalizing behaviors (EB) may contribute to development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in young adulthood, testing a developmental cascade model focused on competencies in three domains (academic, conduct, and work) in adolescence and emerging adulthood, and examining whether high parental education can buffer negative effects of parental EB and other early risk factors. We use data from 451,054 Swedish-born men included in the national conscript register. Structural equation models showed parental EB was associated with academic and behavioral problems during adolescence, as well as with lower resilience, more criminal behavior, and reduced social integration during emerging adulthood. These pathways led to elevated rates of AUD in emerging and young adulthood. Multiple groups analysis showed most of the indirect pathways from parental EB to AUD were present but buffered by higher parental education, suggesting early life experiences and competencies matter more for young men from lower socioeconomic status (SES) families than from higher SES families. Developmental competencies in school, conduct, and work are important precursors to the development of AUD by young adulthood that are predicted by parental EB. Occupational success may be an overlooked source of resilience for young men from low-SES families.
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| 10. |
- Kendler, Kenneth S., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical features of registry-ascertained alcohol use disorders that reflect familial risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Drug and Alcohol Dependence. - : Elsevier BV. - 0376-8716. ; 164, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is clinically heterogeneous. Using a large epidemiological sample ascertained via public registries, is it possible to identify clinical and historical features of AUD that reflect familial risk? Methods: Using registration in national medical, legal or pharmacy registries, we identified four kinds of relative pairs (n = 683,223) starting with a proband with AUD: cousins, half-siblings, full-siblings and monozygotic cotwins. Using linear hazard regression, we examined the interaction between five clinical/historical features of AUD in the proband and risk for AUD in these relatives. Results: Increased risk for AUD in relatives was predicted by the proband's early age at first registration, total number of registrations, recurrence, history of drug abuse and ascertainment in the medical versus the legal or pharmacy registry. In multivariate models, age at first registration, number of registrations, recurrence and history of drug abuse remained significant and in aggregate strongly predicted the risk for AUD in relatives. The risk for AUD in siblings of AUD probands in the highest decile of genetic risk predicted by these four indices was more than twice as great as that predicted in siblings of probands in the lowest risk decile. Conclusions: In an epidemiological sample, familial risk for AUD can be assessed by simple clinical and historical variables.
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