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- Andreasson, Anna N., et al.
(författare)
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Development and preliminary validation of the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of questionnaires to measure subjective feelings of being sick made us develope the Sickness Questionnaire (SicknessQ) for assessment of sickness behavior in people. The objective of the present investigation was to test its internal consistency, criteria validity, and sensitivity to capture the sickness response in an experimental setting. An initial pool of items was developed based on previous research. The statistical properties of SicknessQ was assessed in 172 men and women primary care patients with acute complaints and involved three steps: (1) principal component analyses to reduce the number of items and to identify latent factor structures, (2) tests of internal consistencies of subscales, and (3) hierarchical regression analyses to test criteria validity of the subscales. Subsequently, sensitivity to change was tested in a placebo controlled experiment in which 31 blinded healthy men and women were injected with endotoxin (LPS) to provoke sickness behavior. Principal components analysis suggested a 3-factor solution with a total of 11 items measuring fatigue (5 items), pain (4 items) and emotion (2 items). The total scale as well as each of the three separate factors were significantly changed 90 min after endotoxin injection as compared to baseline (p’s < .01). In all, the new 11-item SicknessQ is highly sensitive to a mild systemic inflammation. Further studies are planned to test its usefulness and prognostic value in clinical settings.
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| 2. |
- Karshikoff, B., et al.
(författare)
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LPS increases pain sensitivity by decreased pain inhibition and increased insular activation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 49, s. e1-e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have shown that women are more prone to developing LPS-induced pain sensitivity than men, and that the descending endogenous pain inhibition is disrupted in women during experimental systemic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate some of the central neural mechanisms underlying our previous findings. 51 participants (29 women) were injected with 0.6 ng/kg LPS or saline and went through a thumb-pressure pain fMRI paradigm 2 h after injection. As hypothesized, the subjects injected with LPS had decreased activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), areas involved in descending pain inhibition. In addition, the LPS group had higher activity in the anterior insula, an area involved in medial/affective pain processing and interoception. These effects were not sex dependent. However, the male participants had overall stronger descending pain inhibition, reflected as a stronger rACC activity compared to women. It is possible that the more robust activation of descending pain inhibition rendered the men more resistant to the immune provocation, which may explain previously seen sex differences in LPS-induced pain sensitivity. Our findings give an indication to how the pain matrix is affected during a sickness response. The results strengthen the proposed link between systemic inflammation and weakened pain regulation in chronic pain disorders, and offers a possible mechanism underlying the female predominance in chronic pain disorders.
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| 6. |
- Gordon, AR, et al.
(författare)
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The scent of disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: CHEMICAL SENSES. - 0379-864X. ; 40:3, s. 254-254
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Karshikoff, B., et al.
(författare)
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Modality and sex differences in pain sensitivity during human endotoxemia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain, behavior, and immunity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-1591 .- 1090-2139. ; 46, s. 35-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic inflammation can induce pain hypersensitivity in animal and human experimental models, and has been proposed to be central in clinical pain conditions. Women are overrepresented in many chronic pain conditions, but experimental studies on sex differences in pain regulation during systemic inflammation are still scarce. In two randomized and double blind placebo controlled experiments, we used low doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an experimental model of systemic inflammation. The first study employed 0.8ng/kg LPS in a within-subject design of 8 individuals (1 woman), and the second study 0.6ng/kg LPS in a between-subject design of 52 participants (29 women). We investigated the effect on (a) pressure, heat, and cold pain thresholds, (b) suprathreshold noxious heat and cold sensitivity, and (c) conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and differences between men and women. LPS induced significantly lower pressure pain thresholds as compared to placebo (mean change with the 0.8ng/kg dose being -64±30kPa P=.04; with the 0.6ng/kg dose -58±55kPa, P<.01, compared to before injection), whereas heat and cold pain thresholds remained unaffected (P's>.70). Suprathreshold noxious pain was not affected by LPS in men (P's⩾.15). However, LPS made women rated suprathreshold noxious heat stimuli as more painful (P=.01), and showed a tendency to rate noxious cold pain as more painful (P=.06) as compared to placebo. Furthermore, LPS impaired conditioned pain modulation, a measure of endogenous pain inhibition, but this effect was also restricted to women (P<.01, for men P=.27). Pain sensitivity correlated positively with plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels. The results show that inflammation more strongly affects deep pain, rather than cutaneous pain, and suggest that women's pain perception and modulation is more sensitive to immune activation than men's.
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| 10. |
- Karshikoff, B, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship Between Blood Cytokine Levels, Psychological Comorbidity, and Widespreadness of Pain in Chronic Pelvic Pain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-0640. ; 12, s. 651083-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of depression, long-term fatigue and chronic pain. TNFα and IL-6 are perhaps the most studied pro-inflammatory cytokines in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. The purpose of our study was to further investigate these relationships in patients with chronic pelvic pain specifically. Using plasma samples from a large, well-described cohort of patients with pelvic pain and healthy controls via the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network, we examined the relationship between TNFα and IL-6 and comorbid psychological symptoms. We also investigated the relationship between IL-8 and GM-CSF, and widespreadness of pain.Methods: We included baseline blood samples in the analyses, 261 patients (148 women) and 110 healthy controls (74 women). Fourteen pro- and anti-inflammatory or regulatory cytokines were analyzed in a Luminex® xMAP® high-sensitivity assay. We used regression models that accounted for known factors associated with the outcome variables to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and clinical measures.Results: There were no statistical differences in cytokine levels between patients and healthy controls when controlling for age. In patients, TNFα was significantly associated with levels of fatigue (p = 0.026), but not with pain intensity or depression. IL-6 was not significantly related to any of the outcome variables. Women with pelvic pain showed a negative relationship between IL-8 and widespreadness of pain, while men did not (p = 0.003). For both sexes, GM-CSF was positively related to widespreadness of pain (p = 0.039).Conclusion: Our results do not suggest low-grade systemic inflammation in chronic pelvic pain. Higher TNFα blood levels were related to higher fatigue ratings, while higher systemic GM-CSF levels predicted more widespread pain. Our study further suggests a potentially protective role of IL-8 with regard to with regard to the widepreadness of pain in the body, at least for women.
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