| 1. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Contingent valuation with an open-ended follow-up question: a test of scope effects
- 1997
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 6:6, s. 637-639
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that an open-ended follow-up question should be added to the binary contingent valuation question. Before this is generally recommended, it is important to evaluate the properties of such follow-up questions. Using a split sample approach, we test whether the open-ended follow-up is sensitive to the scope of the commodity being valued. No significant scope effects were detected. It is concluded that the results obtained do not support the use of an open-ended follow-up in contingent valuation applications.
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| 2. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Health state utilities in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with heartburn: a study in Germany and Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Medical decision making. - : SAGE. - 1552-681X .- 0272-989X. ; 24:1, s. 40-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to assess health state utilities in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with heartburn and to analyze if severity and annual frequency of heartburn can predict utilities. A total of 1011 patients in Germany and Sweden participated in telephone interviews, where utilities were assessed using the rating scale (RS), EQ-5D, time trade-off (TTO) and standard gamble (SG) instruments. The average RS, EQ-5D, TTO, and SG utilities were 0.69, 0.70, 0.88, and 0.89, respectively. Linear regression analyses showed that the EQ-5D and RS utilities were negatively and significantly related to the severity and frequency of heartburn. The EQ-5D and RS results indicate that patients with heartburn assign their health states substantial disutility and that it is feasible to estimate regression equations to predict utilities from heartburn-specific variables. In the TTO and SG analyses, the impact of heartburn was in the expected direction but smaller and in general not significant.
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| 3. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Valuation of health changes with the contingent valuation method: A test of scope and question order effects
- 1996
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Ingår i: Health economics. - : Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company. - 1099-1050 .- 1057-9230. ; 5:6, s. 531-541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the contingent valuation method for measurement of monetary values of various commodities. However, the validity and reliability of the method need to be examined thoroughly. This paper reports results of a test of scope and question order effects in a contingent valuation experiment in the health care field. Using three binary valuation questions, data were collected on willingness to pay for superior treatment of reflux oesophagitis. To test for scope effects, different probabilities of successful short- and long-term treatments were evaluated using a split sample approach. The presence of question order effects was tested by assigning respondents to different question orders. The contingent valuation method proved sensitive to changes in scope in that the willingness to pay increased with the probability of being free from symptoms and with a reduced risk of having a relapse once recovered. Also, regression analyses indicate that people who suffer from severe reflux oesophagitis are more willing to pay for more effective treatment. No question order effects were detected in the data.
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| 4. |
- Kartman, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Willingness to Pay for Reductions in Angina Pectoris Attacks
- 1996
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Ingår i: Medical decision making. - : SAGE. - 1552-681X .- 0272-989X. ; 16:3, s. 248-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare the costs of health care programs with the benefits, the values of changes in health status must be expressed in monetary terms. The development of methods to estimate willingness to pay for changes in health status is therefore of interest. This paper reports the results of a contingent valuation study measuring willingness to pay for reductions in angina pectoris attacks. An innovative study design allowed analysis of the data on willingness to pay using two approaches, a binary question and a bid ding-game technique. Percentage reductions in anginal attacks were varied randomly in different subsamples, and data were collected about angina pectoris status, attack rate, and income to test the internal validity of the contingent valuation method. Will ingness to pay for a 50% reduction in the attack rate for three months was estimated to be about SEK 2,500 ($345) with the binary approach, and about SEK 2,100 ($290) using the bidding-game technique. Regression analyses showed that income, angina pectoris status, attack rate, and percentage reduction in attack rate were all related to willingness to pay, in agreement with the authors' hypothesis. Key words: willingness to pay; contingent valuation; angina pectoris; cost-benefit analysis. (Med Decis Mak ing 1996;16:248-253)
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