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| 2. |
- Trencher, Gregory, et al.
(författare)
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Innovating for an ageing society : insights from two Japanese smart cities
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inside Smart Cities : Place, Politics and Urban Innovation - Place, Politics and Urban Innovation. - 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2019. : Routledge. - 9780815348689 - 9780815348672 - 9781351166201 ; , s. 258-274, s. 258-274
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart cities are enthusiastically promoted around the world by industry and governments alike as a desirable means to achieve urban sustainability. This chapter contributes empirical evidence on how projects reflecting qualities of a Smart City 2.0 model can play out on the ground. It examines two Japanese smart cities addressing the interconnected challenges of an ageing society and preventative health care for the elderly: Kashiwanoha Smart City near Tokyo and Aizuwakamatsu Smart City in Fukushima Prefecture. The Smart City 2.0 model places the needs of residents first, promotes participation and citizen empowerment and 'stresses technology as a tool to use predominantly in service of citizens'. The chapter draws on fieldwork conducted between August 2014 and October 2017 involving seven site visits and 20 semi-structured interviews with 21 stakeholders. To ensure a diversity of perspectives, respondents included planners and project actors from local government, private enterprises, universities, non-profits and resident groups.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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Artificial Intelligence and the City : Urbanistic Perspectives on AI
- 2024
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book explores in theory and practice how artificial intelligence (AI) intersects with and alters the city. Drawing upon a range of urban disciplines and case studies, the chapters reveal the multitude of repercussions that AI is having on urban society, urban infrastructure, urban governance, urban planning and urban sustainability.Contributors also examine how the city, far from being a passive recipient of new technologies, is influencing and reframing AI through subtle processes of co-constitution. The book advances three main contributions and arguments:First, it provides empirical evidence of the emergence of a post-smart trajectory for cities in which new material and decision-making capabilities are being assembled through multiple AIs.Second, it stresses the importance of understanding the mutually constitutive relations between the new experiences enabled by AI technology and the urban context.Third, it engages with the concepts required to clarify the opaque relations that exist between AI and the city, as well as how to make sense of these relations from a theoretical perspective.Artificial Intelligence and the City offers a state-of-the-art analysis and review of AI urbanism, from its roots to its global emergence. It cuts across several disciplines and will be a useful resource for undergraduates and postgraduates in the fields of urban studies, urban planning, geography, architecture, urban design, science and technology studies, sociology and politics.
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| 5. |
- Brand, Ralf, et al.
(författare)
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The ecosystem of expertise : complementary knowledges for sustainable development
- 2007
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - 1548-7733. ; 3:1, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article critically examines the approach of technical experts, including engineers, natural scientists, architects, planners, and other practitioners, who are attempting to create more sustainable forms of economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. The authors identify four principal characteristics of expertise–ontological assumptions, epistemological approaches, power inequalities, and practical issues–and employ this framework to test the capability of traditional experts to deliver sustainable development. The authors then provide four alternatives to conventional forms of expertise: the outreach expert who communicates effectively to non-experts, the interdisciplinary expert who understands the overlaps of neighboring technical disciplines, the meta-expert who brokers the multiple claims of relevance between different forms of expertise, and the civic expert who engages in democratic discourse with non-experts and experts alike. All of these alternative forms are needed to manage the often-competing demands of sustainable development projects and they can be described collectively as an “ecosystem of expertise.”
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| 6. |
- Burton, Kerry, et al.
(författare)
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Smart goes green : digitalising environmental agendas in Bristol and Manchester
- 2019
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Ingår i: Inside Smart Cities. - London : Routledge. ; , s. 117-132
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bristol and Manchester are at the forefront of the UK smart urbanization agenda, serving as ‘lighthouse’ cities to realise ambitions for city-scale low carbon economies. This chapter uses a comparative approach to the two cities to reveal the similarities in approach as well as the local factors (notably infrastructure and cultural politics) that influence the distinct environmental mobilisations of smart. Bristol has a long history of green innovation and has ambitions to build upon its 2015 designation as European Green Capital to become a leading international ‘smart-green city’. Bristol’s idealised smart-green city is human-centred and able to realise low carbon growth that is equitable for all. Conversely, the Greater Manchester storyline on smart is strongly focused on economic development with environmental protection as a by-product of business innovation. The campuses of two Manchester universities play a central role as testbeds to catalyse a twenty-first century knowledge economy that builds upon the existing economic cornerstones of the city. The Manchester activities have little focus on social equity and inclusion and instead focus on business opportunity as the prime motivation for smart-green urbanisation. The smart-green performances in each city embody particular logics and practices that are at once global in their perspective while simultaneously local in their composition and framing. Bristol and Manchester reveal distinctive pathways of smart urban innovation that are neither top-down nor bottom-up but instead combine principles of IT development with decarbonisation to enhance and extend the existing urban development trajectories of each city.
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| 7. |
- Carter, Jeremy Graham, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Catchment Scale Natural Flood Management : Developing Evidence, Funding and Governance Approaches
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Ingår i: Environmental Policy and Governance. - 1756-932X. ; , s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural flood management is emerging as a viable way to leverage ecological services to manage flooding. Stakeholders are progressively positioning natural flood management at the scale of river catchments to encourage a move beyond localised and opportunistic actions towards more strategic and cost-effective flood risk management responses. This reflects a broader turn towards nature-based solutions, acknowledgement of the climate change adaptation imperative, and recognition that natural flood management can achieve multiple socio-economic and biophysical co-benefits. A particular set of issues connected to the specific characteristics of natural flood management are influencing attempts to move towards the catchment scale. This paper identifies evidence, funding and governance as key to understanding the challenges facing natural flood management in this context, with these issues providing a focus for the identification of strategies to move towards catchment scale outcomes. A case study exploring the Irwell catchment in Northwest England provides empirical insights on these themes and identifies approaches that can support the transition towards catchment scale natural flood management. This paper calls for wider implementation of experimental approaches in this field focused on multi-faceted evaluation, blended financing and strategic intermediaries to help overcome overarching evidence, funding and governance challenges to making this transition.
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| 8. |
- Cauvain, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Market-based low-carbon retrofit in social housing : Insights from Greater Manchester
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Urban Affairs. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0735-2166 .- 1467-9906. ; 40:7, s. 937-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, social housing providers in the UK have become influential actors in realizing the national government’s decarborization agenda. However, when decarbonization is considered in light of austerity measures and the privatization of public housing, a number of contradictions arise. From interviews and a workshop with policymakers and registered providers in the city-region of Greater Manchester, three tensions are highlighted. First, since the 1980s, the housing stock condition has been used as a political pawn in successive reforms to demunicipalize social housing. Second, local authorities continue to harness the collectivities that remain in the social housing sector to realize their decarbonization goals. Third, the retrofit practices of social landlords are only superficially aiming for carbon control; instead, they focus on the social aims that are seen as important to the ethos and business model of the landlord. The article concludes that there are unavoidable conflicts between the interests of different actors whose low-carbon economy is conceived at different spatial scales and with different underlying objectives. As social landlords are foregrounded in subregional low-carbon policy, they are effectively co-opted into market-based retrofit, resulting in unintended consequences for the social housing sector.
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| 9. |
- Cauvain, Jenni, et al.
(författare)
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Social housing providers as unlikely low-carbon innovators
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 177, s. 394-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social housing providers have recently emerged as unlikely innovators of low carbon transitions in the UK residential sector. They tend to have a significant amount of influence over large housing stocks, op- portunities to access funding to retrofit on a large scale, can make explicit connections between reduced carbon emissions and improved quality of life for low-income residents, and foster a close relationship with the place and communities they serve. In effect, social housing providers are ‘middle actors’ who not only facilitate but also realise low carbon transitions through various strategies. This paper uses em- pirical findings from interviews with social housing providers in Greater Manchester to understand the different ways that low carbon and energy efficiency innovation is being undertaken in this sector. The findings reveal that as middle actors, social landlords influence upstream to policy makers and regulators, downstream to individual households, and sideways to other actors in the social housing sector as well as to other building and energy professionals. The findings reveal opportunities for governments to sup- plement their existing policies with recognising and supporting middle actors to accelerate low carbon transitions of the built environment.
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| 10. |
- Cook, Matthew, et al.
(författare)
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Urban planning and the knowledge politics of the smart city
- 2024
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Ingår i: Urban Studies. - 0042-0980. ; 61:2, s. 370-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smart cities promote computational and data-driven understandings of the built environment and have the potential to reconfigure urban planning and governance practices in profound ways. Smart urbanisation is often presented as a politically neutral and socially beneficial approach to achieve urban sustainability goals but the emphasis on data gathering and algorithmic analysis and decision-making has the tendency to restrict how urban stakeholders know and act upon cities. In this article, we apply Artistotle’s intellectual virtues of techne, episteme and phronesis to critique current practices of smart cities, data-driven urbanism and computational understandings of cities as they relate to urban planning theory and practice. We argue that the rise of smart cities represents a partial return to early- to mid-20th-century positivistic knowledge politics and the reassertion of technical experts as the drivers of urban change. However, we also highlight the recent emergence of citizen-centred smart cities as an opportunity to promote value rationality in urban planning activities. We conclude that there is a need for greater integration of techne, episteme and phronesis in the pursuit of smart cities to ensure that digitalisation does not foreclose on certain ways of knowing cities but instead, provides a foundation to support a progressive knowledge politics of urban development.
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