| 1. |
- Gordon, I.E., et al.
(författare)
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The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. - : Elsevier. - 0022-4073 .- 1879-1352. ; 277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition.
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| 2. |
- Muscarella, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The global abundance of tree palms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 29:9, s. 1495-1514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimPalms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change.LocationTropical and subtropical moist forests.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedPalms (Arecaceae).MethodsWe assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure.ResultsOn average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work.ConclusionsTree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.
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| 3. |
- Daskalakis, Kosmas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Autophagy/Mitophagy Levels in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 110:Suppl. 1, s. 7-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Autophagy and mitophagy are key homeostatic machineries linked to cancer development and drug resistance.Aim(s): To assess the levels of autophagy and mitophagy in well differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) and correlate them with clinico-pathological parameters. Materials and methods: Fluorescent immunostaining for the autophagy markers LC3 Βand p62/or LAMP1 was performed on 22 PanNENs and 11 controls of normal pancreatic tissues and validated through Western blotting. Autophagy quantitative scoring was generated for LC3B-positive puncta and analyzed in relation to clinico-pathological parameters. TOMM20/LC3B qualitative assessment of mitophagy levels was undertaken by fluorescent immunostaining. The presence of autophagy/mitophagy was validated by transmission electron microscopy.Results: Autophagy levels (LC3B-positive puncta/cell) were discriminative for normal vs. NEN pancreatic tissue (p=0.007). A significant association was observed between autophagy levels and tumour grade (Ki67<3% vs. Ki67≥3%; p=0.021), but not functionality (p=0.266) size (cut-off of 20mm; p=0.808), local invasion (p=0.481), lymph node- (p=0.849) and distant metastases (p=0.699). Qualitative assessment of TOMM20/LC3B demonstrated strong mitophagy levels in PanNENs by fluorescent immunostaining as compared to normal tissue. Transmission electron microscopy revealed enhanced autophagy and mitophagy in PanNEN tissue. Response to molecular targeted therapies in metastatic cases (n=4) did not reveal any patterns of association to autophagy levels.Conclusion: Increased autophagy levels are present in primary tumours of patients with PanNENs and are partially attributed to upregulated mitophagy. Grade was the only clinico-pathological parameter associated with autophagy scores.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Karapanagioti, A., et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant expression pattern of circadian clock genes in type 1 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms compared to ECL-cell hyperplasia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroendocrinology (Print). - : European Neuroendocrine Association. - 0953-8194 .- 1365-2826. ; 33:S1, s. 37-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: There is a continuity of changes from ECL-cell hyperplasia to type 1 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (GNEN1) development with important clinical implications. Aim(s): Although the effect of the circadian clock system on neuroendocrine tumorigenesis has been addressed, the role of the peripheral clock system in the transition from ECL-cell hyperplasia to GNEN1 remains to be explored.Materials and methods: Six GNEN1 patients and 10 patients with ECL-cell hyperplasia were included. Blood samples were collected at 8 am, 3pm and 10pm for peripheral blood mononuclear ells (PBMCs) isolation. The mRNA expression of clock-related genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, CRY-1, PER2, ROR-α and REV-ERBβ) were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR from PBMCs. Results: In GNEN1 patients, BMAL genes where lower expressed at night than early in the morning (p=0.02), whereas patients with ECL-cell hyperplasia expressed lower levels of PER2 and REV-ERBβ (p=0.03 and p=0.05,respectively). In addition, GNEN1 patients expressed lower levels of CLOCK, PER2 and REV-ERBβ in the early evening than in the morning (p=0.04; p=0.03; p=0.05, respectively). When comparing the two groups (GNEN1 vs. ECL-cell hyperplasia) at the three different time points, a marginal increase in CLOCK, PER2 and REV-ERBβ expression early in the morning (p=0.06, 0.02 and 0.07, respectively) along with a marginal increase in REV-ERBβ and BMAL expression in the early evening (p=0.09 and p=0.08, respectively) and a marginal increase in BMAL at night (p=0.09) in GNEN1 patients was observed.Conclusion: Our findings point towards an upregulated expression of clock-related genes in patients with GNEN1 as compared to ECL-cell hyperplasia, suggesting a possible involvement in GNEN1 tumorigenesis that needs to be confirmed in a larger patients group.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nasiri-Ansari, N, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen Receptor Subtypes Elicit a Distinct Gene Expression Profile of Endothelial-Derived Factors Implicated in Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of molecular sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1422-0067. ; 23:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the presence of established atherosclerosis, estrogens are potentially harmful. MMP-2 and MMP-9, their inhibitors (TIMP-2 and TIMP-1), RANK, RANKL, OPG, MCP-1, lysyl oxidase (LOX), PDGF-β, and ADAMTS-4 play critical roles in plaque instability/rupture. We aimed to investigate (i) the effect of estradiol on the expression of the abovementioned molecules in endothelial cells, (ii) which type(s) of estrogen receptors mediate these effects, and (iii) the role of p21 in the estrogen-mediated regulation of the aforementioned factors. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured with estradiol in the presence or absence of TNF-α. The expression of the aforementioned molecules was assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Zymography was also performed. The experiments were repeated in either ERα- or ERβ-transfected HAECs and after silencing p21. HAECs expressed only the GPR-30 estrogen receptor. Estradiol, at low concentrations, decreased MMP-2 activity by 15-fold, increased LOX expression by 2-fold via GPR-30, and reduced MCP-1 expression by 3.5-fold via ERβ. The overexpression of ERα increased MCP-1 mRNA expression by 2.5-fold. In a low-grade inflammation state, lower concentrations of estradiol induced the mRNA expression of MCP-1 (3.4-fold) and MMP-9 (7.5-fold) and increased the activity of MMP-2 (1.7-fold) via GPR-30. Moreover, p21 silencing resulted in equivocal effects on the expression of the abovementioned molecules. Estradiol induced different effects regarding atherogenic plaque instability through different ERs. The balance of the expression of the various ER subtypes may play an important role in the paradoxical characterization of estrogens as both beneficial and harmful.
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| 8. |
- Aoyagi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Systematic effects on a Compton polarimeter at the focus of an X-ray mirror
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astroparticle physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-6505 .- 1873-2852. ; 158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- XL-Calibur is a balloon-borne Compton polarimeter for X-rays in the ∼15–80 keV range. Using an X-ray mirror with a 12 m focal length for collecting photons onto a beryllium scattering rod surrounded by CZT detectors, a minimum-detectable polarization as low as ∼3% is expected during a 24-hour on-target observation of a 1 Crab source at 45° elevation. Systematic effects alter the reconstructed polarization as the mirror focal spot moves across the beryllium scatterer, due to pointing offsets, mechanical misalignment or deformation of the carbon-fiber truss supporting the mirror and the polarimeter. Unaddressed, this can give rise to a spurious polarization signal for an unpolarized flux, or a change in reconstructed polarization fraction and angle for a polarized flux. Using bench-marked Monte-Carlo simulations and an accurate mirror point-spread function characterized at synchrotron beam-lines, systematic effects are quantified, and mitigation strategies discussed. By recalculating the scattering site for a shifted beam, systematic errors can be reduced from several tens of percent to the few-percent level for any shift within the scattering element. The treatment of these systematic effects will be important for any polarimetric instrument where a focused X-ray beam is impinging on a scattering element surrounded by counting detectors.
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