| 1. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Addressing the human factor in information systems security
- 2009
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Ingår i: 4th Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems. - 9789609856676 ; , s. 900-912
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper the historically persistent mismatch between the information systems development and security paradigms is revisited. By considering the human activity systems as a point of reference rather than a variable in information systems security, we investigate the necessity for a change in the information systems security agenda, accepting that a viable system would be more user-centric by accommodating and balancing human processes rather then entertaining an expectation of a one sided change of behaviour of the end user. This is done by drawing upon well established information systems methodologies and research.
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| 2. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Cyber-Crime Investigations: Complex Collaborative Decision Making
- 2008
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9780769533629 ; , s. 3-11
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the challenges computer forensic investigators face in relation to collaborative decision making, communication and coordination. The opportunities, operational environment and modus operandi of a cyber criminal are considered and used to develop the requirements in terms of both skill sets and procedural support a forensics investigator should have in order to respond to the respective threat vectors. As such, we show how a published framework for systemic thinking can be fit fir purpose for supporting the collaborative enquiry and decision making process.
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| 3. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Dealing with Complexity in Knowledge Sharing Processes’
- 2007
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781905305537 ; , s. 101-108
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a context of complex problem spaces, human individuals need support to carry out in-depth inquiry, generating many, diverse possibilities, without suffering from information overload. In earlier work, we have demonstrated the potential of a model of four-valued logic to provide support in a knowledge sharing environment by codifying, not knowledge, but categories of argument/assertion. In this paper, we extend the application of our model to a second order. In the first application, individually-created narratives are categorised according to four-valued logic: assertions of positive belief in alternatives, negative belief in alternatives, possibility of alternatives or ignorance of any alternative. A second order is illustrated through an example in which all assertions of positive or optimistic possible belief are considered by participants. The model is applied in order to identify clusters of narratives which appear to have characteristics in common, by creation of diversity networks. In this way, a more focused agenda for debate can be supported to emerge.
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| 4. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Digital forensic investigations: a new frontier for Informing Systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Information Systems: People, Organizations, Institutions and Technologies. - Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD. - 9783790821475 ; , s. 361-371
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital forensic investigators experience a need for support in their everyday struggle to overcome boundary problems associated with cyber crime inves-tigations. Traditional methods are socio-culturally and physically localised and dependent on strict and historically prescriptive political management. The new internet-worked cyber-world creates unprecedented difficulties for digital forensic investigations. This is directly linked with the inherently complex uncertainties and ambiguities related to a constant need for framing and re-framing of problem spaces under investigation. As such, in this paper we propose the recruitment of the discipline of Informing Systems in the context of digital discovery. Early findings of such an exercise indicate that informing systems approaches can assist the investigation process by offering means for structuring uncertainty. As it is accepted that uncertainty is an inherent element in a crime scene, not least in a cyber crime scene, we consider the contribution of Informing Systems vital for the effectiveness of digital forensic investigation practices.
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| 5. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Digital forensic investigations: a new frontier for Informing Systems
- 2008
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. ; , s. 1-11
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital forensic investigators experience a need for support in their everyday struggle to overcome boundary problems associated with cyber crime inves-tigations. Traditional methods are socio-culturally and physically localised and dependent on strict and historically prescriptive political management. The new internet-worked cyber-world creates unprecedented difficulties for digital forensic investigations. This is directly linked with the inherently complex uncertainties and ambiguities related to a constant need for framing and re-framing of problem spaces under investigation. As such, in this paper we propose the recruitment of the discipline of Informing Systems in the context of digital discovery. Early findings of such an exercise indicate that informing systems approaches can assist the investigation process by offering means for structuring uncertainty. As it is accepted that uncertainty is an inherent element in a crime scene, not least in a cyber crime scene, we consider the contribution of Informing Systems vital for the effectiveness of digital forensic investigation practices.
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| 6. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Diversity Networks in Digital Investigations
- 2009
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9781841022307 ; , s. 63-71
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is built upon recognizing the need that digital forensic investigators are required in many cases to investigate, understand and report on all kind of cyber-crime including novel security breaches which have not been performed in the past. When an investigator is faced with the challenge to explore a new threat, we argue that the inquiry dynamics do not differ from an organisational employee challenged to perform innovation. This is not just about challenging one’s own assumptions; not just challenging the assumptions of one’s colleagues but creating a dialogue among colleagues about the processes of questioning assumptions in order to uncover a richer appreciation of the uncertainties of the problem-space to be the subject of inquiry. This paper draws upon the approach of diversity networks which is used to support inquiry into complex problem spaces including the necessary requirement for innovation, and it is shown how this paradigm could be adopted by the forensic investigator to shed light on the uncertainty aspects of a cyber crime scene.
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| 7. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation management through the use of diversity networks
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Knowledge and Learning. - 1741-1017. ; 4:4, s. 357-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A methodology for innovation and analysis in a context of complex problem spaces is presented, introducing the idea of a diversity network. The methodology draws upon a framework which puts ‘complexification’ into systemic practice. Such an application helps individual participants to outline their narratives, create and agree upon categories, and use these to classify their narratives. Clusters of narratives, reflecting innovation through diversity networks of opinion and competences, are encouraged to emerge in analytical practice. This approach can be applied to promote creativity and sharing in a knowledge management context.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bednar, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The complexity of collaborative cyber crime investigations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review. - : School of Advanced Study. - 1756-4611 .- 2054-8508. ; 6, s. 214-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article considers the challenges faced by digital evidence specialists when collaborating with other specialists and agencies in other jurisdictions when investigating cyber crime. The opportunities, operational environment and modus operandi of a cyber criminal are considered, with a view to developing the skills and procedural support that investigators might usefully consider in order to respond more effectively to the investigation of cyber crimes across State boundaries.
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| 10. |
- Katos, Vasilios, et al.
(författare)
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A cyber-crime investigation framework
- 2008
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Ingår i: Computer Standards & Interfaces. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-5489. ; 30:4, s. 223-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epistemic uncertainty is an unavoidable attribute which is present in criminal investigations and could affect negatively the effectiveness of the process. A cyber-crime investigation involves a potentially large number of individuals and groups who need to communicate, share and make decisions across many levels and boundaries. This paper presents an approach adopting elements of the Strategic Systems Thinking Framework (SST) by which conflicting information due to the unavoidable uncertainty can be captured and processed, in support of the investigation process. A formal description of this approach is proposed as a basis for developing a cyber-crime investigation support system.
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