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- Ingre, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep length as a function of morning shift-start time in irregular shift schedules for train drivers : self-rated health and individual differences.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Chronobiol Int. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1525-6073 .- 0742-0528. ; 25:2, s. 349-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sleep length as a function of morning shift-start time in irregular shift schedules for train drivers: self-rated health and individual differences.Ingre M, Kecklund G, Akerstedt T, Söderström M, Kecklund L.Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden. michael.ingre@stressforskning.su.seForty-six male train drivers (mean age = 46.5, SD = 5.1) were recruited to participate in a diary study for 14 consecutive days with questions about their sleep and working hours. A polynomial mixed-effect regression model showed a curvilinear relation ( p < .001) between shift-start time and sleep duration for shifts starting at 03:00-12:00 hand with a near linear increase for ones starting between 04:30 and 09:00 h of approximately 0.7 h for every 1 h the shift was delayed. The longest sleeps were estimated at approximately 8 h before shifts that started at approximately 10:00 h. The shortest sleeps were found for shifts that started before 04:30 h and were estimated at approximately 5 h. Individual differences were estimated with a random-effect standard deviation of 0.51 h, independent of shift start time ( p = .005). One-half of the between-subject variance was explained by subjective health. A one-step decrease in health was associated with a 26 min increase in sleep length. The results have practical implications for constructing shift schedules. Early morning shifts reduced sleep length substantially and should be mixed with later start hours to avoid the accumulation of sleep dept. Delaying the shift-start past 10:00 h had little effect on sleep opportunity; however, delaying shift-start to between 04:30 and 9:00 h had a strong impact on sleep length, with 70% of the extra time used for sleep, suggesting large positive effects for this range of shift-start times.
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| 3. |
- Kecklund, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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The TRAIN-project: Effects of Organizational Factors, Automatic Train Control, Work Hours, and Environment: Suggestions for Safety-Enhancing Measures
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomic Society, 47th Annual Meeting. ; , s. 1835-1839
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the TRAIN project was to describe and analyse the train drivers information environment, working hours, work situation and work environment and their effect on drivers' behaviour and the train driver system safety as well as to propose safety enhancing measures. The results indicate several problems of significance to the train driver system safety, which have been grouped into three main areas; organizational support functions, information environment including cognitive ergonomics and ATC and also working hours, work situation and work environment.
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| 4. |
- Amantini, Aladino, et al.
(författare)
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Initial plan of dissemination and use of results
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document contains the initial plan for using and disseminating knowledge and foreground developed within the ITERATE Project.The Deliverable contains five main Chapters and an Appendix.The first Chapter describes the purpose of the document, its structure, and introduces the other sections. Chapter 2 and 3 define the dissemination strategy of the ITERATE project and provide a classification of dissemination activities. For each type of dissemination action, the corresponding implementation approach is proposed. Then, for each type of dissemination activity, the actions already performed and those planned are described in some details. The dissemination materials already produced by the project and their usage are briefly described. Materials and products already completed, as well as planned, are described, even though a dedicated Deliverable is foreseen in the future that will contain copies of the actual products provided for dissemination purposes. The Exploitation plan is discussed in the last Chapter of the Deliverable. The two different natures and typology of partners , i.e., academic and industrial/consultancy, are considered. In particular, for each partner, a market and competition analysis is performed and the objectives and guidelines for subsequent exploitation of the results is preliminarily discussed. Finally, the appendix contains, for completeness, the Dissemination and Exploitation Questionnaire utilised to collect information among partners.
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| 5. |
- Barnard, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of operator support systems across modes
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Deliverable provides an outline of the process involved in task 2.2 of the ITERATE project forselecting an appropriate set of hypotheses to be tested inWorkpackages 3 (Experimental design andscenario specification), and 4 (Experimental studies).During a workshop with all partners involved in the project, hypotheses were formulated for thethree main system functionalities outlined in D2.1: those that support speed management (SpeedManagement), systems that support system object detection and avoidance (Collision Avoidance)and those that monitor operator state (Operator State). In formulating these hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider systematically the effect of operator state and different operatorgroups on interaction with these three systems. To allow succinct formulation of hypotheses, fouroperator based parameters which are thought to affect operator behaviour with the system, wereidentified: sensation-seeking, hazard perception, fatigue and (high and low) task demand. Informulating hypotheses, partnerswere encouraged to consider the whole process linking a cause toan effect, with a clear mechanism that would link the two.
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| 6. |
- Frantzich, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Utrymningsförsök i Götatunneln
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An evacuation experiment was performed in the Göta tunnel on November 22, 2006 in Göteborg, Sweden. In total twenty-nine participants who were not informed about the experimental conditions evacuated as they were forced to stop in the tunnel due to a simulated car accident where a fire had started. After two and a half minute after the first car stopped an evacuation alarm started but at that time several of the participants had already initiated their evacuation. Green flashing lights were found to be significant for some of the participant’s decision to evacuate and choose an evacuation route. Results also suggest that people were influenced by others during evacuation, i.e., that social influence was important. Social influence was important both for the decision to evacuate and the choice of exit.
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| 10. |
- Kecklund, Lena, 1963-
(författare)
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Studies of safety and critical work situations in nuclear power plants : a human factors perspective
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis was to develop and apply different approaches for analyzing safety in critical work situations in real work settings in nuclear power plants, and also to identify safety enhancing measures by using the framework of interaction between human, organizational and technical subsystems (MTO, man-technology-organization). A Cognitive Psychology as well as a Stress Psychology framework was used. All studies were related to the annual outage operational state where the need for coping with many infrequent tasks, often carried out under high time pressure, puts great strain on the staff and organization of the plant. Furthermore, all studies used self-report measures.In three studies the natural variations in the plant state, normal operation and annual outage operation, were used to explore human performance, work-related factors as well as coping and the operators' own resources and the relationship between them. In the annual outage condition high work demands, decreased sleepiness at night shift, more errors and less satisfaction with work performance quality was reported by maintenance as well as by control room operators. A relationship between high work demands and more organizational problems and reports of more frequent human errors and lower satisfactions with work performance quality was also identified in the annual outage condition. Moreover, a relationship between increased sleepiness during night shift, more frequent use of coping strategies and a higher frequency of human errors was reported.In two studies the Event and Barrier Function Model was applied to analyze the safety of barrier function systems inserted into work process sequences to protect the systems from the negative consequences of failures and errors. The model was also used to assess safety in relation to a technical and organizational change.The last study addressed changes in work performance and work-related factors in relation to a technical and organizational change of a safety significant work process involving increased automation and new staff. Only minor changes in work-related factors and work demands were observed, but after the change satisfaction with work performance decreased and the use of coping strategies increased.The results from the studies in this thesis suggest areas for improvement of the safety in nuclear power plant work situations concerning both work-related factors, barrier functions and the interaction between human, organizational and technical subsystems. The identification of work-related factors associated with human error and degraded work performance may also have implications for safety in other systems with high safety demands such as other process industries, transportation and health care.
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