| 1. |
- Engström, Inger, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Young novice drivers, driver education and training : literature review
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A great many people are killed or seriously injured in road traffic with young novice drivers every year, which constitutes a major public health problem. Considering the rapid progress being made in developing different road safety measures, new knowledge must be spread more quickly and be put into application. Therefore, VTI and the University of Turku has carried out this literature review about young novice drivers, driver education and training. The review was carried out from January to April 2003. The aims were to review literature concerning:1. Driving behaviour and accident involvement during the first years with a licence, including the underlying psychological and social processes as well as in-vehicle support systems and their implication for young, novice drivers.2. Methods and incentives used to influence young drivers' attitudes and behaviour, with special attention to alcohol, seat belt use and speeding.3. The impact of high school driver education on young novice drivers' safety.4. The impact of different licensing systems on young novice drivers' safety.In all, this review contains 322 different references. As a result of the review, conclusions were drawn about the accident situation for young novice drivers, the different psychological, social and pedagogical processes that contribute to their driving behaviour and how their safety can be approved through driver education and other methods. The literature review has clearly shown that there is much knowledge about driver behaviour, road safety and educational methods that has not yet been applied in the Swedish driver education system. It is thus suggested that an experiment is launched where new methods and structures are tested on a large scale basis. If this is never done, it will be impossible to solve the road safety problems of young drivers.
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| 2. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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From control of the vehicle to personal self-control, broadening the perspectives to driver education
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 5:3, s. 201-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is not empirical, but merely an analytical summary or review. A four-level descriptive model is presented in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for goals and contents of driver education (GDE framework) is presented. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the conceptual analysis points towards a need to emphasise the motivational aspects in driver education more than it is done at present. Secondly, in order to reach the goals, pedagogical methods should be re-evaluated. For example, active learning methods and use of self-reflection should be promoted in driver education.
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| 3. |
- Hatakka, Mika, et al.
(författare)
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Goals and Contents of Driver Education
- 2003
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Ingår i: Driver Behaviour and Training. - : Taylor and Francis. - 9781351768948 - 9780754638353 - 9781315197067 ; , s. 307-316
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of this paper is to formulate guidelines and goals for future development in the area of driver training and education. The content of this paper is mainly a result of an EU-funded research project GADGET. A four level descriptive model is presented, in which driver behaviour is conceptualised as a hierarchy, in which the goals and motives of the driver play an essential role. The recent constructivist ideas in mainstream pedagogy and psychology of learning are combined with a hierarchical approach to driver behaviour. A comprehensive framework for Goals and contents of Driver Education (ODE-framework) is presented (Hatakka, Keskinen, Gregersen, Glad and Hernetkoski 2002) and the main points are explained in this paper. Two main conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, motivational aspects should be given more emphasis in driver education than at present. Secondly, in order to improve the quality of training, active learning methods should be more widely applied to driver education as well.
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| 4. |
- Mynttinen, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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Are novice drivers overconfident? : A comparison of self-assessed and examiner-assessed driver competences in a Finnish and a Swedish sample.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 12:1, s. 120-130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of subjective driving skill have usually assessed perceived driving skill in relation to the skills of the average driver. In order to examine whether novice drivers are overconfident with respect to their actual skills, a different method was used in the present study, where specific aspects of perceived driver competence were compared with assessments made by a driver examiner. A Finnish (n = 2847) and a Swedish (n = 805) sample of driving test candidates completed self-assessments and took a practical driving test; the instruments differed between the countries. The results indicated that about 50 percent of the Finnish and between 25 and 35 percent of the Swedish candidates made realistic assessments of their competence in the areas Vehicle manoeuvring, Economical driving and Traffic safety. The proportion of those who overestimated their competence was greater among the Swedish candidates than the Finnish candidates. This might be explained by greater possibilities of practicing self-assessment in the Finnish driver education. Furthermore, the results indicate that males are not overconfident to a greater extent than females. In conclusion, when perceived competence is related to actual competence instead of the skills of the average driver, the majority of drivers are no longer found to overestimate their skills.
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| 5. |
- Mynttinen, Sami, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assessed driver competence among novice drivers : a comparison of driving test candidate assessments and examiner assessments in a Dutch and Finnish sample
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Safety Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-4375 .- 1879-1247. ; 40:4, s. 301-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problem This study examined novice drivers’ overconfidence by comparing their self-assessed driver competence with the assessments made by driving examiners. Method A Finnish (n = 2,739) and a Dutch sample (n = 239) of drivers license candidates assessed their driver competence in six areas and took the driving test. Result and discussion In contrast to previous studies where drivers have assessed their skill in comparison to the average driver, a smaller proportion overestimated and a larger proportion made realistic self-assessments of their driver competence in the present study, where self-assessments were compared with examiner assessments. Between 40% and 50% of the candidates in both samples made realistic assessments and 30% to 40% overestimated their competence. The proportion of overestimation was greater in the Dutch than in the Finnish sample, which might be explained by greater possibilities for practicing self-assessment in the Finnish driver education system. Similar to other self-assessment studies that indicate that incompetence is related to overestimation, a larger proportion of candidates that failed the test overestimated their skill compared to those who passed. In contrast to other studies, males did not overestimate their skills more than females, and younger driver candidates were not more overconfident than older drivers. Impact on traffic safety Although a great proportion of the candidates made a realistic assessment of their own driver competence, overestimation is still a problem that needs to be dealt with. To improve the accuracy of novice drivers’ self-assessment, methods for self-assessment training should be developed and implemented in the driver licensing process.
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