| 1. |
- Alling, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical investigation of cubic B1-like and corundum (Cr1−xAlx)2O3 solid solutions
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- First-principles calculations are employed to investigate the stability and properties of cubic rock-salt like (Cr1−xAlx)2O3 solid solutions, stabilized by metal site vacancies as recently reported experimentally. It is demonstrated that the metal site vacancies can indeed be ordered in a way that gives rise to a favorable coordination of all O atoms in the lattice. B1-like structures with ordered and disordered metal site vacancies are studied for (Cr0.5Al0.5)2O3 and found to a have cubic lattice spacing close to the values reported experimentally, in contrast to fluorite-like and perovskite structures. The obtained B1-like structures are higher in energy than corundum solid solutions for all compositions, but with an energy offset per atom similar to other metastable systems possible to synthesize with physical vapor deposition techniques. The obtained electronic structures show that the B1-like systems are semiconducting although with smaller band gaps than the corundum structure.
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| 2. |
- Alling, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical investigation of cubic B1-like and corundum (Cr1−xAlx)2O3 solid solutions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 31:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- First-principles calculations are employed to investigate the stability and properties of cubic rock-salt-like (Cr1−xAlx)2O3 solid solutions, stabilized by metal site vacancies as recently reported experimentally. It is demonstrated that the metal site vacancies can indeed be ordered in a way that gives rise to a suitable fourfold coordination of all O atoms in the lattice. B1-like structures with ordered and disordered metal site vacancies are studied for (Cr0.5Al0.5)2O3 and found to have a cubic lattice spacing close to the values reported experimentally, in contrast to fluorite-like and perovskite structures. The obtained B1-like structures are higher in energy than corundum solid solutions for all compositions, but with an energy offset per atom similar to other metastable systems possible to synthesize with physical vapor deposition techniques. The obtained electronic structures show that the B1-like systems are semiconducting although with smaller band gaps than the corundum structure.
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| 3. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Uterus transplantation as an infertility treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Human Reproductive and Prenatal Genetics. - 9780323913805 ; , s. 657-678
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uterus transplantation (UTx) has during the past two decades evolved as the first treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI). Our team started a step-by-step animal research project to understand if UTx was a feasible option and to optimize the procedure before possible introduction in the human. Research was initiated in rodents and was then further developed in animal models of larger domestic species and primates. In 2012, our team in Sweden launched the first clinical UTx trial and with the announcement of the world's first live birth after UTx in 2014. After that, several UTx trials were started and with results gradually evolving. In the present chapter, we will outline possible patient groups for UTx, surgery of UTx, clinical outcomes of trials and assisted reproduction in UTx patients.
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| 4. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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UTERUS TRANSPLANTATION: In Transition from Experimental to Clinical Procedure
- 2023
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Ingår i: Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques: Volume 2: Clinical Perspectives, Sixth Edition. - 9781000933505 ; , s. 746-755
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uterus transplantation (UTx) during the last decades has developed as a novel infertility treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) caused by absence of a functional uterus. After systematic animal research [1] over a decade, and involving rodents, domestic species, and non-human primates, the first clinical UTx trial was launched in 2013 [2]. This was a live donor (LD) UTx trial and one out of nine participating women gave birth to the world’s first UTx baby in September 2014 [3]. Since then, more than 10 clinical UTx trials have been initiated, with a mix between LD UTx and deceased donor (DD) UTx. Based on data from all registered ongoing trials and our personal experience, we describe plausible patient groups for UTx and cover different techniques of surgery and assisted reproduction in conjunction with UTx.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ginström Ernstad, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal and maternal outcome after blastocyst transfer: a population-based registry study
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9378 .- 1097-6868. ; 214:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown a higher risk of birth defects and preterm birth (PTB) in singletons born after blastocyst transfer as compared to singletons born after cleavage-stage transfer. Few studies have investigated the maternal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze the neonatal and maternal outcome after blastocyst transfer (day 5-6) compared to transfer of cleavage-stage embryos (day 2-3) and spontaneous conception. STUDY DESIGN: This was a population-based retrospective registry study including all singleton deliveries after blastocyst transfer in Sweden from 2002 through 2013. The in vitro fertilization register was cross-linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Register of Birth Defects, and the National Patient Register. Deliveries after blastocyst transfer were compared with deliveries after cleavage-stage transfer and deliveries after spontaneous conception. Outcome measures included birth defects, PTB, low birthweight, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, perinatal mortality, placenta previa, placental abruption, and preeclampsia. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Adjustment was made for year of birth of child, maternal age, parity, smoking, body mass index, years of involuntary childlessness, and child's sex and, for cleavage stage, also for number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos transferred, and fresh/frozen embryo transfer. RESULTS: There were 4819 singletons born after blastocyst transfer, 25,747 after cleavage-stage transfer, and 1,196,394 after spontaneous conception. Singletons born after blastocyst transfer had no increased risk of birth defects compared to singletons born after cleavage-stage transfer (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.79-1.13) or spontaneous conception (AOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.92-1.28). Perinatal mortality was higher in the blastocyst vs the cleavage-stage group (AOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.14-2.29). When comparing singletons born after blastocyst transfer to singletons born after spontaneous conception, a higher risk of PTB (<37 weeks) was seen (AOR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05-1.31). Singletons born after blastocyst transfer had a lower rate of low birthweight (AOR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71-0.97) as compared to cleavage-stage transfer. The rate of being small for gestational age was lower in singletons born after blastocyst transfer as compared to both cleavage-stage and spontaneous conception (AOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88 and AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87, respectively). The risk of placenta previa and placental abruption was higher in pregnancies after blastocyst transfer as compared to pregnancies after cleavage-stage (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.70-2.55 and AOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.29, respectively) and spontaneous conception (AOR, 6.38; 95% CI, 5.31-7.66 and AOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.70-3.13, respectively). CONCLUSION: No increased risk of birth defects was found in singletons born after blastocyst transfer. Perinatal mortality and risk of placental complications were higher in the blastocyst group as compared to the cleavage-stage group, observations that need further investigations.
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| 7. |
- Ginström Ernstad, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal and maternal outcome after frozen embryo transfer: increased risks in programmed cycles.
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6868 .- 0002-9378. ; 221:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frozen embryo transfer is associated with better perinatal outcome regarding preterm birth and low birth weight yet higher risk of large for gestational age and macrosomia compared to fresh transfer. Further, higher rates of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are noted after frozen embryo transfer. Whether these differences are due to the protocol used in frozen cycles remains unknown.To analyze the obstetric outcome after frozen embryo transfer depending on protocol used. Comparison was also made for frozen vs. fresh transfer and for frozen transfer vs. spontaneous conception.A population-based retrospective registry study including all singletons born after frozen embryo transfer in Sweden from 2005 to 2015. The IVF register was cross-linked with the Medical Birth Register, the Register of Birth Defects, the National Patient Register, the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register and the Prescribed Drug Register. Singletons after FET were compared depending on the presence of a corpus luteum in the actual cycle. All frozen transfer singletons were also compared with fresh transfer and spontaneous conception singletons. Primary outcomes were preterm birth (<37 w), low birth weight (<2500 g), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and postpartum hemorrhage (>1000 ml). Crude and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and adjustment made for relevant confounders.9726 singletons were born after frozen embryo transfer (natural cycles, n=6297, stimulated cycles, n=1983, programmed cycles, n=1446), 24,365 after fresh transfer and 1,127,566 after spontaneous conception. No significant differences were noticed for preterm birth and low birth weight between the different protocols used in frozen embryo transfer. Compared to natural and stimulated frozen cycles programmed frozen cycles were associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (AOR 1.78, 95% CI, 1.43-2.21 and AOR 1.61; 1.22-2,10, respectively) and postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 2.63, 95% CI, 2.20-3.13 and AOR 2.87; 95% CI, 2.29-2.60, respectively). Moreover higher risks for postterm birth (AOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.27-2.01 and AOR 1.98; 95% CI 1.47-2.68) and macrosomia (AOR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.26-2.09 and AOR 1.40; 95% CI 1.03-1.90) were detected. There were no significant differences in any outcomes between stimulated and natural cycles. Frozen cycles in general compared to fresh cycles and compared to spontaneous conceptions showed neonatal and maternal outcomes in agreement with earlier studies.No significant difference could be seen regarding preterm birth and low birth weight between the different protocols. However, higher rates of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, postpartum hemorrhage, postterm birth and macrosomia were detected in programmed cycles. Stimulated cycles had outcomes similar to natural cycles. These findings are important in view of the increasing use of frozen cycles and the new policy of freeze-all cycles in IVF. The results suggest a link between the absence of corpus luteum and adverse obstetric outcomes.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kacerovsky, Marian, et al.
(författare)
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Intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria: analysis of multiple amniotic fluid proteins in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1476-4954.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse whether intraamniotic inflammation in response to bacteria is different below and above gestational age 32 weeks in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: A prospective study was performed, and 115 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM at gestational ages between 24(0/7) and 36(6/7) weeks were included in the study. Transabdominal amniocenteses were performed. Amniotic fluid was analysed using polymerase chain reactions for genital mycoplasmas and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The concentrations of 26 proteins in the amniotic fluid were determined simultaneously using multiplex technology. Results: Bacteria were found in the amniotic fluid of 43% (49/115) of the women. The women were stratified into two subgroups according to gestational age 32 weeks. The amniotic fluid levels of four (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, CC chemokine ligands 2, and 3) and one specific (CC chemokine ligands 2) proteins were higher in women with the presence of bacteria in the amniotic fluid below and above 32 gestational weeks, respectively. Conclusions: An intraamniotic inflammatory response to bacteria in pregnancies complicated by PPROM seems to be different below and above 32 weeks of gestation.
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| 10. |
- Khatibi, Ali, 1982-
(författare)
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Activation energy of fcc-corundum phase transformation in (Al1-xCrx)2O3 Thin Films
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Face centered cubic (Al1-xCrx)2O3 solid solution films, with x in the range 0.602 discharge at a substrate temperature of 500 °C. The films have a strong <100> preferred orientation. The unit cell parameter is 4.04 Å determined by x-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques. The (Al1-xCrx)2O3 films are suggested to have a non-stoichiometric NaCl structure with 33% vacancy occupancy on Al/Cr sites. Nanoindentation shows that the films exhibit hardness values up to 26 GPa and reduced modulus of 220-235 GPa. In the present work, in-situ annealing studies were performed on as-deposited samples for a series of temperatures up to 1000 °C and annealing time of 8 h. The fcc structure remains intact up to 700 °C. A gradual phase transformation from fcc to corundum at 1000 °C is observed, where annealing for 1-3 h yields a partial transformation and annealing for > 4 h results in complete transformation to a-(Al1-xCrx)2O3. There is no indication of any phase separation into a-Cr2O3 and Al2O3.
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