| 1. |
- Kreibich, Heidi, et al.
(author)
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Panta Rhei benchmark dataset : Socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts
- 2023
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In: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 15:5, s. 2009-2023
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, 10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).
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| 2. |
- Kreibich, Heidi, et al.
(author)
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The challenge of unprecedented floods and droughts in risk management
- 2022
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In: Nature. - : Springer Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 608:7921, s. 80-86
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Risk management has reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts globally, yet their impacts are still increasing. An improved understanding of the causes of changing impacts is therefore needed, but has been hampered by a lack of empirical data4,5. On the basis of a global dataset of 45 pairs of events that occurred within the same area, we show that risk management generally reduces the impacts of floods and droughts but faces difficulties in reducing the impacts of unprecedented events of a magnitude not previously experienced. If the second event was much more hazardous than the first, its impact was almost always higher. This is because management was not designed to deal with such extreme events: for example, they exceeded the design levels of levees and reservoirs. In two success stories, the impact of the second, more hazardous, event was lower, as a result of improved risk management governance and high investment in integrated management. The observed difficulty of managing unprecedented events is alarming, given that more extreme hydrological events are projected owing to climate change.
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| 3. |
- Dao, Trong Tuan, et al.
(author)
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Resveratrol suppressed lps-induced cox-2 VIA miR-146a-5p inhibition in raw246.7 cells
- 2017
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In: Farmacia. - 0014-8237. ; 65:2, s. 214-218
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Trans-resveratrol (Res) is a well-known natural stilbene frequently found in grapes which have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-cancer activities and inhibited COX-2 expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and protein synthesis. In our research, resveratrol isolated from Vitis heyneana Roem. & Schult Vitis heyneana was observed to suppress lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. Using qPCR it was revealed that LPS induced the expression of miR-25, miR- 125a, miR-125b, miR-146a-5p, miR-146a-3p and miR-455. However, we only observed miR-146a-5p expression significantly decreased in resveratrol compared to untreated-control group. In addition, resveratrol abrogated the effect of miR-146a-5p mimic induced-COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time the involvement of miR-146a-5p in resveratrol inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 expression in Raw264.7 cells.
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| 4. |
- Ha, Do Thi, et al.
(author)
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Anti-inflammatory effect of oligostilbenoids from Vitis heyneana in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via suppressing the NF-ΚB activation
- 2018
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In: Chemistry Central Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-153X. ; 12:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Vitis heyneana is widely distributed in the north of Vietnam, it has been used in Vietnamese traditional medicine as an agent for treatment of arthritis, bronchitis, carbuncles and inflammatory conditions, and menstrual irregularities. However, this plant has not been investigated in phytochemical constituents and biological effects, especially in the anti-inflammatory property. Results: Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc soluble fraction from the aerial part of Vitis heyneana resulted in the isolation of a series of oligostilbenoids as piceid (1), 2-r-viniferin (2), betulifol A (3), vitisinol C (4), (-)-trans-ε-viniferin (5), α-viniferin (6), shoreaketon (7), amurensin B (8), vitisinol B (9), and cis-vitisin B (10). Compound 5 showed the most potent inhibitory activities by suppressing LPS-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. This compound exhibited significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are accompanied with the inhibition of transcription factor NF-ΚB activation. Conclusion: The results suggested that trans-ε-viniferin exerts anti-inflammatory effects via suppression the NF-ΚB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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