| 1. |
- Al-Wathinani, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Raising Awareness of Hearing and Communication Disorders Among Emergency Medical Services Students: Are Knowledge Translation Workshops Useful?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In numerous countries, emergency medical services (EMS) students receive curriculum training in effective patient-provider communication, but most of this training assumes patients have intact communication capabilities, leading to a lack of preparedness to interact with patients, who have communication disorders. In such cases, first responders could end up delivering suboptimal care or possibly wrong procedures that could harm the disabled person. Method: A quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest) was used to assess the knowledge of EMS students both before and after a translation workshop on how to deal with patients who have hearing and communication disorders during emergencies. Comparisons between pretest and posttest scores were examined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of knowledge scores was compared before and after the workshop. Results: The results indicated that EMS students' scores improved after the workshop. There was a 0.763 increase in the average score of knowledge level. The results of this study show that knowledge translation workshops are a useful intervention to enhance the level of knowledge among EMS students when interacting with hearing and communication patients. Conclusions: Our results show that such training workshops lead to better performance. Communication is a vital element in a medical encounter between health care providers and patients at all levels of health care but specifically in the prehospital arena. Insufficient or lack of communication with a vulnerable population, who may suffer from various disabilities, has a significant impact on the outcome of treatment or emergency management.
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| 2. |
- Peyravi, M., et al.
(författare)
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Hospital Safety Index analysis in Fars Province hospitals, Iran, 2015-2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of disaster medicine. - : Weston Medical Publishing. - 1932-149X. ; 14:1, s. 25-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hospitals are the vital part of disaster management and their functionality should be maintained and secured. However, it can be the target of natural and man-made disasters. In Iran, Fars Province is prone to major incidents and disasters in its hospitals at any time during the course of a year. This study aimed to examine the Hospital Safety Index (HSI) in all hospitals (public and private) affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2015-2016, using the World Health Organization's HSI checklist. All 58 hospitals in Fars Province affiliated to SUMS were included. The hospital assessment team was formed to collect the data retrospectively and by visiting and interviewing hospital's authority based on the checklist. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. RESULTS: The results showed that in the above-mentioned years, the structural safety of hospitals reached the highest optimal level, whereas functional safety reached the lowest level. The results of the studies conducted in 2016 showed that during this year, the overall hospital safety level improved (6 and B). CONCLUSION: Although safety in hospitals located in Fars Province has improved due to continuous disaster mitigation and preparedness activities, there is still space for more improvement to achieve and maintain higher levels of safety in hospitals. Paying attention to this, the authors recommend that proper policies, legislation, and intra and inter-institutional coordination are the requirements for a successful outcome.
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| 3. |
- Czekirda, M., et al.
(författare)
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Objective and Subjective Stress Parameters in Response to High and Low-Fidelity Simulation Activities
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 19:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nursing graduates are required to have both excellent theoretical and practical skills that should be used during stressful emergency interventions. Since the received knowledge should be practiced to gain skills and trained to achieve competences, simulation exercises can be beneficial to even reduce the stress that each individual may face during emergency management of patients. A total of 146 first-year nursing students participated in the study, including 124 women and 22 men aged between 19 and 50 years, with a mean age of 32 years. The objective method estimated psychophysiological parameters (serum cortisol). Objective and subjective methods were used. The subjective method assessed stress experienced by students based on the standardized Stress Appraisal Questionnaire Version B for dispositional assessment. The study was conducted in the Monoprofile Medical Simulation Centre at the University of Economics and Innovation in Lublin, Poland and was approved by the University Research Ethics Committee. Both participants under and over 25 years of age showed increased levels of stress after low and high-fidelity simulations, with statistically significantly higher stress levels found for the low fidelity method. Low-fidelity simulation methods generated a greater increase in cortisol levels, indicating a higher stress level than the high-fidelity methods. The analysis of the scores obtained in the Stress Appraisal Questionnaire (KOS-B) showed that higher cortisol levels after the low-fidelity simulation reduced the subjective perception of a threat, while higher cortisol levels before the high-fidelity simulation promoted higher intellectual activity among the students. Levels of stress in the education of nursing students using low and high-fidelity methods can limit the sense of threat and activate professional task performance. The use of low and high-fidelity simulation does not generate destructive stress levels.
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| 4. |
- Djalali, A, et al.
(författare)
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Art of Disaster Preparedness in European Union:a Survey on the Health Systems. PLOS Currents Disasters. Dec 17 ed 1
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLOS Currents. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 2157-3999.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Naturally occurring and man-made disasters have been increasing in the world, including Europe, over the past several decades. Health systems are a key part of any community disaster management system. The success of preparedness and prevention depends on the success of activities such as disaster planning, organization and training. The aim of this study is to evaluate health system preparedness for disasters in the 27 European Union member countries. Method: A cross-sectional analysis study was completed between June-September 2012. The checklist used for this survey was a modified from the World Health Organization toolkit for assessing health-system capacity for crisis management. Three specialists from each of the 27 European Union countries were included in the survey. Responses to each survey question were scored and the range of preparedness level was defined as 0-100%, categorized in three levels as follows: Acceptable; Transitional; or Insufficient. Results: Response rate was 79.1%. The average level of disaster management preparedness in the health systems of 27 European Union member states was 68% (Acceptable). The highest level of preparedness was seen in the United Kingdom, Luxemburg, and Lithuania. Considering the elements of disaster management system, the highest level of preparedness score was at health information elements (86%), and the lowest level was for hospitals, and educational elements (54%). Conclusion: This survey study suggests that preparedness level of European Union countries in 2012 is at an acceptable level but could be improved. Elements such as hospitals and education and training suffer from insufficient levels of preparedness. The European Union health systems need a collective strategic plan, as well as enough resources, to establish a comprehensive and standardized disaster management strategy plan. A competency based training curriculum for managers and first responders is basic to accomplishing this goal.
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| 5. |
- Khorram-Manesh, Amir, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Non-medical aspects of civilian-military collaboration in management of major incidents.
- 2017
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Ingår i: European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1863-9941. ; 43:5, s. 595-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disasters and major incidents demand a multidisciplinary management. Recent experiences from terrorist attacks worldwide have resulted in a search for better assessment of the needs, resources, and knowledge in the medical and non-medical management of these incidents and also actualized the need for collaboration between civilian and military healthcare. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the civilian-military collaboration in a Swedish context with the main focus on its non-medical management.An exercise, simulating a foreign military attack centrally on Swedish soil, was designed, initiated, and conducted by a team consisting of civilian and military staff. Data were collected prospectively and evaluated by an expert team.Specific practical and technical issues were presented in collaboration between civilian and military staffs. In addition, shortcomings in decision-making, follow-up, communication, and collaboration due to prominent lack of training and exercising the tasks and positions in all managerial levels of the hospital were identified.Current social and political unrests and terror attacks worldwide necessitate civilian-military collaboration. Such collaboration, however, needs to be synchronized and adjusted to avoid preventable medical and non-medical consequences. Simulation exercises might be one important source to improve such collaboration.
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| 6. |
- Al-Wathinani, Ahmed M, et al.
(författare)
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A Cross-Sectional Study on the Flood Emergency Preparedness among Healthcare Providers in Saudi Arabia.
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 18:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study used a descriptive cross-sectional methodology to measure healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and willingness to respond to a flood scenario in Saudi Arabia. A validated survey was distributed to collect data using a convenience sampling technique through multiple social media platforms. A total of 227 participants were included in this study: 52% of them were aged between 26 to 34 years, 74% were residents from Riyadh, and 52.4% worked in nursing divisions. A significant number of respondents (73.2%) had positive perceptions towards their hospitals' ability to provide an effective response to a flood, 89% were willing to report to work following a flood, and 90% of participants reported the need to develop both guidelines and training for flood disaster preparedness. Preparation and successful flood mitigation in the hospital setting requires staff that have both knowledge and training in emergency management. One way to obtain such readiness is through competency-based training, including both table-top and full-scale live exercises. Although the willingness to respond to such a flooding emergency was high among staff, the development of guidelines and educational programs is needed in order to develop the competencies and skills sets to improve disaster preparedness response and preparedness efforts.
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| 7. |
- Berner, A, et al.
(författare)
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STREET: Swedish tool for risk /resource estimation at events. Part two, resource assessment -face validity and inter-rater reliability.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of acute disease. - 2221-6189. ; 4:2, s. 112-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To develop a validated and generalized collaborative tool to be utilized by high reliability organizations in order to conduct common resource assessment before major events and mass gatherings. Methods The Swedish resource and risk estimation guide was used as foundation for the development of the generalized collaborative tool, by three different expert groups, and then analyzed. Analysis of inter-rater reliability was conducted through simulated cases that showed weighted and unweight κ-statistics. Results The results revealed a mean of unweight κ-value from the three cases of 0.44 and a mean accuracy of 61% of the tool. Conclusions A better collaboration ability and more accurate resource assessment with acceptable reliability and validity were shown in this study to be used as a foundation for resource assessment before major events/mass-gathering in a simulated environment. However, the result also indicates the challenges of creating measurable values from simulated cases. A study on real events can provide higher reliability but needs, on the other hand, an already developed tool.
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| 8. |
- Delbro, Dick, et al.
(författare)
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Is acetylcholine an autocrine/paracrine growth factor via the nicotinic α-receptor subtype in the human colon cancer cell line HT-29?
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-2999 .- 1879-0712. ; 609:1-3, s. 27-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used immunochemistry to demonstrate expression of acetylcholine's nicotinic 7-receptor subtype inhuman colon cancer cell line HT-29. Moreover, RT-PCR and immunochemistry showed that cholineacetyltransferase and acetylcholine esterase, the enzymes responsible for acetylcholine synthesis anddegradation, respectively, localise in HT-29 cells. Bromoacetylcholine bromide, an inhibitor of cholineacetyltransferase, significantly attenuated basal cell growth. Our findings suggest that acetylcholine mightserve as an autocrine/paracrineor speculatively, even intracrinesignalling molecule in cell line HT-29, thuscontributing to carcinogenesis/cancer progression
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| 9. |
- Goniewicz, K., et al.
(författare)
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The Moral, Ethical, Personal, and Professional Challenges Faced by Physicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1660-4601. ; 19:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic, apart from the main problems concerning the health and life of patients, sparked a discussion about physicians' moral and social professional attitudes. During a pandemic, physicians have the same ethical, moral, and medical responsibilities, however, the situation is different since they are self-exposed to a danger, which may influence their willingness to work. The problem of the professional moral attitudes of health care workers, recurring in ethical discussions, prompts us to define the limits of the duties of physicians in the event of a pandemic, hence this research aimed to assess these duties from an ethical perspective and to define their boundaries and scope. The study was conducted in May and June 2020 in the city of Lublin, covering all medical centers, and the questionnaire was completed by 549 physicians. The research was conducted in four areas: emergency standby in the event of a disaster, even if it is not requested; willingness to work overtime in the event of a disaster, even without payment; willingness to take health risks by caring for people who are infectious or exposed to hazardous substances; readiness to be transferred to other departments in the event of a disaster. Although most of the respondents declared to be agreed on personal sacrifices in the performance of professional duties, they were not prepared for a high level of personal risk when working in a pandemic. Excessive workload, its overwhelming nature, and personal risk are not conducive to readiness to work overtime, especially without pay. Research shows how important it is to respect the rights and interests of all parties involved in a pandemic. Physicians' duty to care for a patient is also conditioned by the duty to protect themselves and should not be a tool for intimidating and depersonalizing their social and professional lives.
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| 10. |
- Haner, A, et al.
(författare)
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The role of physician-staffed ambulances; the outcome of a pilot study.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Acute Disease. - 2221-6189. ; 4:1, s. 63-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective To evaluate the outcome of physician-staffed ambulances in a pilot study. Methods All physician-staffed ambulance missions conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and evaluated for the type of missions and the need of a physician. Results Out of 1 381 physician-staffed missions, 511 were cancelled or managed by telephone. Around 239 (17%) missions required active intervention, of which only one was considered directly life-saving. Conclusions Most of the missions neither required the interventional skills of a physician, nor could they be performed at distance. However, the added medical value of physicians was found to be in other prehospital situations, such as critical decision-making, staff education and research.
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