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| 2. |
- Kihlström, Erik, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Mykoplasma och Ureaplasma
- 2021. - 2
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Ingår i: Medicinsk mikrobiologi & immunologi. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144123578 ; , s. 325-328
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordet mykoplasma används ofta som trivialnamn när man avser arter inom klassen Mollicutes, vilka karakteriseras av att de till skillnad från andra bakterier saknar cellvägg. Namnen Mollicutes och Mykoplasma syftar på denna egenskap och betyder mjukt skinn respektive svampliknande och formbar. I dag finns över 200 Mollicutes beskrivna, de flesta patogenerna hittar man inom släktena Mycoplasma och Ureoplasma. Man har isolerat ett flertal mykoplasmaarter från människa och uppfyllt Kochs postulat för M. pneumoniae, M. hominis, M. genitalium och vissa Ureoplasma-arter. I detta kapitel kommer vi använda mykoplasma i en bredare bemärkelse när vi beskriver olika arter inom Mollicutes.
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| 3. |
- Coble, Britt-Inger, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Urine-based testing for Chlamydia trachomatis using polymerase chain reaction, leucocyte esterase and urethral and cervical smears
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5513 .- 1502-7686. ; 66:4, s. 269-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of Roche polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Amplicor to detect Chlamydia trachomatis in first-voided urine specimens from 422 males and 456 females attending two clinics for sexually transmitted infections was evaluated in comparison with cultures of urethral and cervical specimens. At the same time, the ability of leucocyte esterase (LE) in first-voided urine and the presence of leucocytes in urethral and cervical smears to identify C. trachomatis -infected individuals based on PCR and culture was determined. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was 10.9 % in men and 7.7 % in women. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Amplicor was 93.5 %, 99.7 %, 97.7 % and 99.2 % in males and 91.4 %, 99.5 %, 94.1 % and 99.3 % in females. All Chlamydia-infected men were identified by means of a combination of urethritis (≥4 leucocytes in the urethral smear) and/or a positive LE test in urine, although the specificity was only 42.2 %. In women, the combination of urethritis and/or cervicitis and/or a positive LE test identified 85.7 % of Chlamydia-infected patients with a specificity of 38.2 %. It is concluded that a combination of urethral and/or cervical smears and LE testing of urine can be used as a screening test to select patients, especially males, for specific C. trachomatis testing.
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| 4. |
- Fornander, Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of SPLUNC1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag Berlin. - 1862-8346. ; 5:9-10, s. 513-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. The aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) from infants with RSV infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kDa innate immunity protein SPLUNC1. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanExperimental design: NPAs from infants were analyzed with 2-DE and MS in a pilot study. The levels of SPLUNC1 were analyzed with immunoblotting in 47 NPAs, admitted for RSV diagnosis. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Totally, 35 proteins were identified in NPA, including several innate immunity proteins such as group X phospholipase A(2), different S100 proteins and SPLUNC1. In addition, a new truncated 15 kDa form of SPLUNC1 was identified that was detected in about 50% of the aspirates admitted for RSV diagnosis. RSV-positive boys had significantly less 25 kDa SPLUNC1 than RSV-negative boys while there were no significant differences among girls. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions and clinical relevance: Several important innate immunity proteins were identified in NPA. Notably, a new truncated form of the newly suggested anti-bacterial protein SPLUNC1 was found. It is possible that a decrease in SPLUNC1 in the upper airways may increase the risk for severe pneumonia in boys.
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| 6. |
- Friberg, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Collagen-gentamicin implant for prevention of sternal wound infection : long-term follow-up of effectiveness
- 2009
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Ingår i: Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1569-9293 .- 1569-9285. ; 9:3, s. 454-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a previous randomized controlled trial (LOGIP trial) the addition of local collagen-gentamicin reduced the incidence of postoperative sternal wound infections (SWI) compared with intravenous prophylaxis only. Consequently, the technique with local gentamicin was introduced in clinical routine at the two participating centers. The aim of the present study was to re-evaluate the technique regarding the prophylactic effect against SWI and to detect potential shifts in causative microbiological agents over time. All patients in this prospective two-center study received prophylaxis with application of two collagen-gentamicin sponges between the sternal halves in addition to routine intravenous antibiotics. All patients were followed for 60 days postoperatively. From January 2007 to May 2008, 1359 patients were included. The 60-day incidences of any SWI was 3.7% and of deep SWI 1.5% (1.0% mediastinitis). Both superficial and deep SWI were significantly reduced compared with the previous control group (OR=0.34 for deep SWI, P<0.001). There was no increase in the absolute incidence of aminoglycoside resistant agents. The majority of SWI were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The incidence of deep SWI caused by Staphylococcus aureus was 0.07%. The results indicate a maintained effect of the prophylaxis over time without absolute increase in aminoglycoside resistance. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00484055).
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| 7. |
- Ghafouri, Bijar, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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PLUNC in human nasal lavage fluid : multiple isoforms that bind to lipopolysaccharide
- 2004
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics. - 1570-9639 .- 1878-1454. ; 1699:1-2, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we demonstrate the presence of multiple isoforms of palate lung nasal epithelial clone (PLUNC) in human nasal lavage fluid (NLF). Eight isoforms were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and peptide mapping of the proteins was performed using MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry) of tryptic and asparginase cleavages. The identification was verified by amino acid sequencing after analysis of collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation spectra with nanoelectrospray MS/MS. One isoform showed an electrophoretic mobility shift after N-glycosidase treatment, indicating that at least one of the PLUNC isoforms is glycosylated. We also demonstrate that PLUNC in NLF binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro; indeed, out of all proteins present in NLF only the PLUNC isoforms were found to adsorb to an LPS-coated surface. These results show that PLUNC is expressed as multiple LPS-binding isoforms in human NLF. The possibility that PLUNC may play a role in the innate immune response of the upper airways is inferred.
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| 8. |
- Ghafouri, Bijar, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelial clone) proteins in human nasal lavage fluid
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemical Society Transactions. - 0300-5127 .- 1470-8752. ; 31:4, s. 810-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelial clone) is a newly discovered gene that is expressed in the upper respiratory tract and is suggested to be of importance in host defence against bacteria. We have identified two forms of the PLUNC protein in human nasal lavage fluid (NLF) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and MS. The apparent molecular masses and isoelectric points of these forms are 24.8 kDa/pI 5.4 and 25.1 kDa/pI 5.5. Notably, the 24.8 kDa/pI 5.4 form of PLUNC is an abundant protein in the 2-DE protein patterns of NLF from healthy subjects. Decreased levels of PLUNC were found in NLF from smokers and workers exposed to reactive epoxy chemicals, indicating that long-term exposure to airway irritants impairs the production of PLUNC in the upper respiratory tract. We have also investigated the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding proteins in NLF. Five proteins were found to adsorb to a LPS-coated surface; two of these proteins correspond to the two PLUNC forms, as judged by 2-DE pattern matching. For comparison, human saliva was found to contain a set of LPS-binding proteins with similar 2-DE spot positions (the same pIs but somewhat lower apparent molecular masses of 20 kDa). These results indicate that PLUNC may be a new marker of airway inflammation and may play a part in the innate immune response, and that human saliva contains yet other members of the family of LPS-binding proteins.
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| 9. |
- Högdahl, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in human coronary artery endothelial cells infected with Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) pneumoniae
- 2008
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Ingår i: APMIS. - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 116:12, s. 1082-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia pneumoniae has during recent years been associated with cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Chemokines, leukocyte adhesion proteins and metalloproteinases are significant for chemotaxis and attachment of leukocytes to vessel walls, and for stability of atherosclerotic plaques. To determine the ability of C. pneumoniae to elicit inflammation in a relevant target host cell, we infected human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) with a clinical isolate of C. pneumoniae. Extracellular release of five chemokines, two adhesion proteins and a metalloproteinase was measured at different time points after infection using a cytometric bead assay and ELISA. Secretion of IL-8, MCP-1, MIG, IP-10 and ICAM-1 was significantly increased 48 h after C. pneumoniae infection of HCAEC in comparison with uninfected controls. Release of RANTES occurred already 6 h after infection. C. pneumoniae did not elicit release of E-selectin or MMP-1. We conclude that C. pneumoniae induces expression of proinflammatory components in HCAEC, which would promote migration of leukocytes towards endothelial cells. This suggests that C. pneumoniae initiates and propagates vascular inflammation in ways that contribute to coronary artery disease.
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| 10. |
- Högdahl, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Leucocyte esterase testing of first-voided urine and urethral and cervical smears to identify Mycoplasma genitalium-infected men and women.
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of STD and AIDS (London). - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 18:12, s. 835-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leucocyte esterase (LE) in first-voided urine (FVU) and presence of leucocytes in urethral and cervical smears were evaluated to identify Mycoplasma genitalium infection in 416 men and 417 women attending Department of Genitourinary Medicine. M. genitalium was diagnosed in FVU specimens by realtime polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of M. genitalium was 6.5% in women and 6.7% in men. In total, 88.5% (23/26) of M. genitalium-infected men were identified by a combination of urethral smear and the LE test. In women, the combination of urethral and/or cervical smears and/or a positive LE test identified 91.3% (21/23) of M. genitalium-infected patients. Organism load in FVU correlated significantly with presence of urethritis (> or =4 leucocytes per high-power field) in men. A combination of LE testing of urine and urethral and/or cervical smears can be used as screening tests to select patients for specific M. genitalium testing. By this strategy, about 10% of infected individuals will remain undetected.
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