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- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 3. |
- Cheon, Jae Yeong, et al.
(författare)
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Ordered mesoporous porphyrinic carbons with very high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3, s. 2715-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high cost of the platinum-based cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) has impeded the widespread application of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. We report on a new family of non-precious metal catalysts based on ordered mesoporous porphyrinic carbons (M-OMPC; M = Fe, Co, or FeCo) with high surface areas and tunable pore structures, which were prepared by nanocasting mesoporous silica templates with metalloporphyrin precursors. The FeCo-OMPC catalyst exhibited an excellent ORR activity in an acidic medium, higher than other non-precious metal catalysts. It showed higher kinetic current at 0.9 V than Pt/C catalysts, as well as superior long-term durability and MeOH-tolerance. Density functional theory calculations in combination with extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis revealed a weakening of the interaction between oxygen atom and FeCo-OMPC compared to Pt/C. This effect and high surface area of FeCo-OMPC appear responsible for its significantly high ORR activity.
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- JEONG, SJ, et al.
(författare)
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Potential impact of vegetation feedback on European heat waves in a 2 x CO 2 climate: Vegetation impact on European heat waves
- 2010
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Ingår i: Climatic Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0165-0009 .- 1573-1480. ; 99:3-4, s. 625-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusion of the effects of vegetation feedback in a global climate change simulation suggests that the vegetation–climate feedback works to alleviate partially the summer surface warming and the associated heat waves over Europe induced by the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The projected warming of 4°C over most of Europe with static vegetation has been reduced by 1°C as the dynamic vegetation feedback effects are included.. Examination of the simulated surface energy fluxes suggests that additional greening in the presence of vegetation feedback effects enhances evapotranspiration and precipitation, thereby limiting the warming, particularly in the daily maximum temperature. The greening also tends to reduce the frequency and duration of heat waves. Results in this study strongly suggest that the inclusion of vegetation feedback within climate models is a crucial factor for improving the projection of warm season temperatures and heat waves over Europe
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| 8. |
- Kim, Tae Hoon
(författare)
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The ICT Revolution, 21st Century Warfare, and Honest Errors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Honest Errors? Combat Decision-Making 75 Years After the Hostage Case. - The Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press. - 9789462656109 - 9789462656116 ; , s. 217-231
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the 1990s, proponents of a so-called revolution in military affairs (RMA) have argued that the tremendous development in information communications technology (ICT) would revolutionise warfare through enhanced intelligence capabilities. This would reduce the scope of battlefield uncertainty of the kind in which Rendulic had claimed to have found himself in late 1944. The difficulty of gaining accurate intelligence of the battlefield at the time of the evacuation and destruction of Finnmark was one of the reasons why Rendulic’s action was considered an honest error. This chapter examines whether the ICT revolution has reduced battlefield uncertainty and honest errors in 21st-century warfare by examining two case studies: the US invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The chapter shows that the relationship between ICT, intelligence, uncertainty, and honest errors is far more complex than argued by RMA advocates and is influenced by several factors. In particular, this chapter argues that the ICT revolution has not reduced the sense of uncertainty, fear, and other psychological constraints of combatants.
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| 9. |
- Kim, Tae-Yun, et al.
(författare)
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3D Texture Analysis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Tissue Image Grading
- 2014
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Ingår i: Computational & Mathematical Methods in Medicine. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1748-670X .- 1748-6718. ; 2014, s. 536217:1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most significant processes in cancer cell and tissue image analysis is the efficient extraction of features for grading purposes. This research applied two types of three-dimensional texture analysis methods to the extraction of feature values from renal cell carcinoma tissue images, and then evaluated the validity of the methods statistically through grade classification. First, we used a confocal laser scanning microscope to obtain image slices of four grades of renal cell carcinoma, which were then reconstructed into 3D volumes. Next, we extracted quantitative values using a 3D gray level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) and a 3D wavelet based on two types of basis functions. To evaluate their validity, we predefined 6 different statistical classifiers and applied these to the extracted feature sets. In the grade classification results, 3D Haar wavelet texture features combined with principal component analysis showed the best discrimination results. Classification using 3D wavelet texture features was significantly better than 3D GLCM, suggesting that the former has potential for use in a computer-based grading system.
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