| 1. |
- Neilands, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
-
Bacterial profiles and proteolytic activity in peri-implantitis versus healthy sitesBacterial profiles and proteolytic activity in peri-implantitis versus healthy sites
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Anaerobe. - : Academic Press. - 1075-9964 .- 1095-8274. ; 35, s. 28-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-induced destructive inflammatory process that, over time, results in loss of supporting bone around an osseointegrated dental implant. Biofilms at peri-implantitis sites have been reported to be dominated by Gram-negative anaerobic rods with a proteolytic metabolism such as, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and Tannerella, as well as anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. In this study, we hypothesized that protease activity is instrumental in driving bone destruction and we therefore compared the microbial composition and level of protease activity in samples of peri-implant biofluid (PIBF) from 25 healthy subjects (H group) and 25 subjects with peri-implantitis (PI group). Microbial composition was investigated using culture techniques and protease activity was determined using a FITC-labelled casein substrate. The microbial composition was highly variable in subjects both in the H and PI groups but one prominent difference was the prevalence of Porphyromonas/Prevotella and anaerobic Gram positive cocci which was significantly higher in the PI than in the H group. A subgroup of subjects with peri-implantitis displayed a high level of protease activity in the PIBF compared to healthy subjects. However, this activity could not be related to the presence of specific bacterial species. We propose that a high level of protease activity may be a predictive factor for disease progression in peri-implantitis. Further longitudinal studies are however required to determine whether assessment of protease activity could serve as a useful method to identify patients at risk for progressive tissue destruction.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kinnby, Bertil
(författare)
-
Multifaceted plasminogen
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 74, s. 133-135
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Kinnby, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
-
Plasminogen binding by oral streptococci from dental plaque and inflammatory lesions
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 154:3, s. 924-931
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Plasminogen binding by bacteria is a virulence factor important for the entry and dissemination of bacteria in the body. A wide variety of bacteria bind plasminogen, including both organisms causing disease and components of the normal oral flora. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of plasminogen binding by six clinical isolates of oral streptococci from both dental plaque and inflammatory lesions. All the strains bound plasminogen with approximately the same affinity, and binding was specific and lysine-dependent as evidenced by its inhibition by epsilon-aminocaproic acid. All of the test strains were capable of activating bound plasminogen to plasmin without the addition of a plasminogen activator, and subsequent analysis revealed the presence of streptokinase in all strains. However, the streptococci exhibited fibrinolytic activity only in the presence of plasminogen and this could be inhibited by the addition of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. SDS-PAGE and 2D gel electrophoresis coupled with plasminogen ligand blotting showed that only a subset of the total proteins (2-15) were involved in the binding of plasminogen. Partial identification of the binding proteins revealed that four glycolytic enzymes, enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate mutase, were predominant in binding plasminogen. The binding of plasminogen by bacteria from pus did not differ from that of the strains from supragingival plaque. The findings illustrate how apparently innocuous commensal bacteria are capable of utilizing a mechanism that is generally regarded as being of importance to pathogenicity and suggest an additional role of plasminogen binding.
|
|
| 4. |
- Kinnby, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
-
Plasminogen coating increases initial adhesion of oral bacteria in vitro
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Microbial Pathogenesis. - : Elsevier. - 0882-4010 .- 1096-1208. ; 100, s. 10-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasminogen is a major plasma protein and the zymogen of the broad spectrum protease plasmin. Plasmin activity leads to tissue degradation, direct and through activation of metalloproteinases. Infected tooth root canals, as a consequence of the inflammatory response and eventual necrosis, contain tissue fluid and blood components. These will coat the root canal walls and act as conditioning films that allow bacterial biofilms to grow and be a potential source of hematogenously spreading bacteria. We investigated the effect of in vitro surface conditioning with human plasminogen on the initial adhesion of bacteria. Four bacterial species, L. salivarius, E. faecalis, A. naeslundii, and S. gordonii, isolated from dental root canals, and three other oral streptococci, S. oralis, S. anginosus, and S. sanguinis, were grown in albumin- or plasminogen-coated flow chambers and studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy using the cell viability staining LIVE/DEAD and 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A. naeslundii, L. salivarius and in particular S. gordonii showed a higher initial adhesion to the plasminogen-coated surfaces. E. faecalis did not show any preference for plasminogen. Four-species biofilms cultured for 96 h showed that streptococci increased their proportion with time. Further experiments aimed at studying different streptococcal strains. All these adhered more to plasminogen-coated surfaces than to albumin-coated control surfaces. The specificity of the binding to plasminogen was verified by blocking lysine-binding sites with epsilon-aminocaproic acid. Plasminogen is thus an important plasma component for the initial adhesion of oral bacteria, in particular streptococci. This binding may contribute to their spread locally as well as to distant organs or tissues.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lindberg, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Reduced Gingival Fluid Flow : a Peripheral Marker of the Pharmacological Effect of Roquinimex
- 2003
-
Ingår i: InflammoPharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-4692 .- 1568-5608. ; 11:3, s. 267-276
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Roquinimex is a drug with effects on inflammation and tumors. The pharmacological effect is not fully understood, and the molecular mechanism most characterized in vitro is an increase of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) in human peripheral blood monocytes. The aims were to investigate peripheral pharmacological effects of roquinimex on peripheral blood monocytes and dog gingival fluid (GCF). DESIGN: Six dogs were used in a cross-over study. The amount of GCF was determined with a Periotron. The PAI-2 concentration in GCF was determined with ELISA. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood. RESULTS: Dogs treated with the drug had significantly lower GCF flow values and the PAI-2 concentration in GCF was higher, but no effect was seen on peripheral monocytes. CONCLUSION: Roquinimex treatment led to a consistently decreased flow rate of GCF and a higher local concentration of PAI-2 in GCF.
|
|
| 6. |
- Neilands, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
-
PAI-2/SerpinB2 Inhibits Proteolytic Activity in a P. gingivalis-dominated Multispecies Bacterial Consortium
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 70, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the serine protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2/Serpin B2) to inhibit proteases produced by a multispecies bacterial consortium in vitro. Background Gingival and periodontal inflammation is associated with an increased flow of protein-rich gingival fluid. This nutritional change in the microenvironment favors bacteria with a proteolytic phenotype, triggering inflammation and associated tissue breakdown. PAI-2 is produced by macrophages and keratinocytes and is present in very high concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid; the highest level in the body. Design A multispecies bacterial consortium comprising nine bacterial strains, resembling the conditions in a periodontal pocket, was grown planktonically and as a biofilm. After seven days PAI-2 was added to the consortium and the proteolytic activity was assayed with fluorogenic protease substrates; FITC-labeled casein to detect global protease activity, fluorescent H-Gly-Pro-AMC for serine protease activity and fluorescent BIKKAM-10 for Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated protease activity. Protease activity associated with biofilm cells was examined by confocal scanning laser microscopy. Results PAI-2 inhibited proteolytic activity of the bacterial consortium, as seen by decreased fluorescence of all substrates. PAI-2 specifically inhibited P. gingivalis proteolytic activity. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first time that PAI-2 has been shown to inhibit bacterial proteases. Given the high concentration of PAI-2 in the gingival region, our results indicate that PAI-2 might play a role for the integrity of the epithelial barrier.
|
|
| 7. |
- Rabe, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of fluoride and chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinses on plaque biofilms
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Open Dentistry Journal. - : Bentham eBooks. - 1874-2106. ; 9, s. 106-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To develop a model in which to investigate the architecture of plaque biofilms formed on enamel surfaces in vivo and to compare the effects of anti-microbial agents of relevance for caries on biofilm vitality. Materials and Methodology : Enamel discs mounted on healing abutments in the pre-molar region were worn by three subjects for 7 days. Control discs were removed before subjects rinsed with 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) or 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) for 1 minute. Biofilms were stained with Baclight Live/Dead and z-stacks of images created using confocal scanning laser micoscopy. The levels of vital and dead/damaged bacteria in the biofilms, assessed as the proportion of green and red pixels respectively, were analysed using ImageTrak(®) software. Results : The subjects showed individual differences in biofilm architecture. The thickness of the biofilms varied from 28-96µm although cell density was always the greatest in the middle layers. In control biofilms, the overall levels of vitality were high (71-98%) especially in the area closest to the enamel interface. Rinsing with either CHX or NaF caused a similar reduction in overall vitality. CHX exerted an effect throughout the biofilm, particularly on the surface of cell clusters whereas NaF caused cell damage/death mainly in the middle to lower biofilm layers. Conclusion : We describe a model that allows the formation of mature, undisturbed oral biofilms on human enamel surfaces in vivo and show that CHX and NaF have a similar effect on overall vitality but differ in their sites of action.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sonesson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Glycoprotein 340 and sialic acid in minor-gland and whole saliva of children, adolescents, and adults
- 2011
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 6:119, s. 435-440
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycoprotein 340 (gp-340) is a bacterial-binding glycoprotein observed in major and minor gland saliva. Sialic acid, a common terminal structure of salivary glycoproteins, interacts with microorganisms and host ligands, as well as free radicals. This study investigated the content of gp-340 and sialic acid in minor gland and whole saliva of children (3-yr-olds), adolescents (14-yr-olds) and adults (20 to 25-yr-olds). Labial and buccal gland saliva was collected on filter paper and un-stimulated whole saliva by draining into a tube. The relative amount of gp-340 and sialic acid was determined by ELISA and ELLA, respectively. In minor gland saliva, no statistically significant differences in gp-340 and sialic acid were seen between the age-groups. Significantly lower amounts of gp-340 and sialic acid were seen in labial saliva compared to buccal among adults (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In whole saliva, the amount of gp-340 was significantly lower among adults compared to children (P < 0.01). No differences between genders were seen. Stable gp-340 and sialic acid contents in minor-gland saliva across the age-groups and higher gp-340 content in the whole saliva of the youngest age-group (3-yr-olds) compared with the adult-group may reflect a vital innate factor of immunity in children’s saliva.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sonesson, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Mucins MUC5B and MUC7 in minor salivary gland secretion of children and adults
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Archives of Oral Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969 .- 1879-1506. ; 53:6, s. 523-527
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the relative amount of MUC5B and MUC7 in minor salivary glands in children and adults, in order to test the hypothesis that secretion of salivary mucins changes between childhood and adulthood. METHODS: Ninety individuals in the age-groups 3-year-olds, 14-year-olds, and young adults 20-25 year-olds were recruited. Sialopapers were applied on the labial and the buccal mucosa and then placed in the Periotron 8000 (Proflowtrade mark) for calculation of the amount of saliva. The assessment of MUC5B and MUC7 was carried out in an ELISA using the LUM5B-2 and the LUM7-1 antiserum, respectively. RESULTS: MUC5B and MUC7 were detected in the labial minor gland saliva in all age groups. In buccal gland saliva, only a few individuals in each age group showed detectable amounts of the mucins. In the labial area, a significantly lower level of MUC7 was noted in 3-year-olds compared with adults. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a site-dependent difference in minor gland mucin secretion and an age-related difference in the labial gland secretion of MUC7.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ullbro, Christer, et al.
(författare)
-
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and placental plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2) in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 31:9, s. 708-712
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Numerous patients with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) express a severe periodontal inflammation that results in premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth. The plasminogen activating (PA) system is involved in physiological and pathological processes including epithelial healing, extracellular proteolysis and local inflammatory reactions. The aim of the study was to explore a possible role of the PA system in patients with PLS. Material and Methods: Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were collected from areas with gingival infection in 20 patients with PLS and in 20 healthy controls. The concentration of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and inhibitor (PAI-2) was measured with ELISA. Results: The median level of PAI-2 was significantly higher (p<0.01) in PLS patients than in the controls, while the median value of t-PA did not differ between the groups. No difference in t-PA or PAI-2 levels was found regarding age, gender or presence of active periodontal disease. Conclusion: The findings indicate an atypical activity of the PA system with a disturbed epithelial function in PLS patients, suggesting that the periodontal destruction seen in patients with PLS is secondary to a hereditary defect in the defense system.
|
|
