| 1. |
- Heid, Iris M, et al.
(författare)
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Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
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| 2. |
- Jousilahti, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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KOTAMO : Report on the state of equality and diversity in Finnish higher education institutions
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of the KOTAMO project (2021–22) has been to examine the state of equality, non-discrimination and diversity among teaching and research staff in Finnish higher education institutions and to propose recommendations for measures to address the problems identified. The study focused on gender equality and ethnic diversity. The report is based on a literature review, a survey addressed to higher education personnel, interviews with personnel and workshops held with personnel and financiers. The project was funded bythe Ministry of Education and Culture and implemented by Demos Helsinki, Oxford Research,Includia Leadership, Innolink, Inkeri Tanhua (Equality Research Helsinki), Liisa Husu and Kaskas.The report showed that Finnish higher education institutions still have a great deal of work to do in promoting gender equality and ethnic diversity and that they need support in this work. The main challenges are related to the inadequate implementation of equalit yand non-discrimination plans, the relatively low number of women and ethnic minorities at the highest career stages in universities, non-transparent recruitment processes, poorer career development among ethnic minorities (when compared to the majority population),discrimination experienced by these minorities, and a non-inclusive working culture.Promoting equality and diversity requires actions, support for higher education institutions and more research.
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| 3. |
- Jousilahti, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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KOTAMO : Selvitys korkeakoulujen tasa-arvon, yhdenvertaisuuden ja monimuotoisuuden tilasta Suomessa
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- KOTAMO-hankkeen (2021–22) tavoitteena on ollut selvittää opetus- ja tutkimushenkilökunnan tasa-arvon, yhdenvertaisuuden ja monimuotoisuuden tilaa suomalaisissa korkeakouluissasekä ehdottaa toimenpidesuosituksia havaittuihin ongelmiin vastaamiseksi. Selvitys keskittyi tarkastelemaan sukupuolten tasa-arvoa ja etnistä monimuotoisuutta. Selvitys perustuu kirjallisuuskatsaukseen, korkeakoulujen henkilöstölle osoitettuun kyselyyn, henkilöstönhaastatteluihin sekä henkilöstön ja rahoittajien kanssa pidettyihin työpajoihin. Hankkeen rahoitti opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö ja sen toteuttivat Demos Helsinki, Oxford Research,Innolink, Includia Leadership, Inkeri Tanhua (Equality Research Helsinki), Liisa Husu ja Kaskas.Selvityksestä ilmeni, että sukupuolten tasa-arvon ja etnisen monimuotoisuuden edistämisessä on vielä paljon tehtävää suomalaisissa korkeakouluissa ja ne tarvitsevat tukea tässä työssä.Keskeiset haasteet liittyvät tasa-arvo- ja yhdenvertaisuussuunnitelmien vajavaiseen toimeenpanoon, naisten ja etnisten vähemmistöjen suhteellisesti alhaiseen määrään ylimmillä uraportailla yliopistoissa, läpinäkymättömiin rekrytointiprosesseihin, etnisten vähemmistöjen valtaväestöä heikompaan urakehitykseen sekä näiden kokemaan syrjintään,ja epäinklusiiviseen työkulttuuriin. Tasa-arvon ja monimutoisuuden edistäminen edellyttäätoimia, tukea korkeakouluille ja lisää tutkimusta.
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| 4. |
- Lagou, Vasiliki, et al.
(författare)
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Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
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| 5. |
- Locke, Adam E, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 197-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ∼2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
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| 6. |
- Shungin, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 518:7538, s. 187-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Speliotes, Elizabeth K., et al.
(författare)
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Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 937-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for obesity susceptibility, we examined associations between body mass index and ~2.8 million SNPs in up to 123,865 individuals with targeted follow up of 42 SNPs in up to 125,931 additional individuals. We confirmed 14 known obesity susceptibility loci and identified 18 new loci associated with body mass index (P < 5 × 10−8), one of which includes a copy number variant near GPRC5B. Some loci (at MC4R, POMC, SH2B1 and BDNF) map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance, and one of these loci is near GIPR, an incretin receptor. Furthermore, genes in other newly associated loci may provide new insights into human body weight regulation.
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