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| 2. |
- O'Sullivan, S. P., et al.
(författare)
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The Faraday Rotation Measure Grid of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: Data Release 2
- 2023
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 519:4, s. 5723-5742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Faraday rotation measure (RM) catalogue, or RM Grid, is a valuable resource for the study of cosmic magnetism. Using the second data release (DR2) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), we have produced a catalogue of 2461 extragalactic high-precision RM values across 5720 deg(2) of sky (corresponding to a polarized source areal number density of similar to 0.43 deg(-2)). The linear polarization and RM properties were derived using RM synthesis from the Stokes Q and U channel images at an angular resolution of 20 arcsec across a frequency range of 120 to 168 MHz with a channel bandwidth of 97.6 kHz. The fraction of total intensity sources (>1 mJy beam(-1)) found to be polarized was similar to 0.2 percent. The median detection threshold was 0.6 mJy beam(-1) (8 sigma(QU)), with a median RM uncertainty of 0.06 rad m(-2) (although a systematic uncertainty of up to 0.3 radm(-2) is possible, after the ionosphere RM correction). The median degree of polarization of the detected sources is 1.8 percent, with a range of 0.05 percent to 31 percent. Comparisons with cm-wavelength RMs indicate minimal amounts of Faraday complexity in the LoTSS detections, making them ideal sources for RM Grid studies. Host galaxy identifications were obtained for 88 percent of the sources, along with redshifts for 79 percent (both photometric and spectroscopic), with the median redshift being 0.6. The focus of the current catalogue was on reliability rather than completeness, and we expect future versions of the LoTSS RM Grid to have a higher areal number density. In addition, 25 pulsars were identified, mainly through their high degrees of linear polarization.
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| 4. |
- Shaker, H., et al.
(författare)
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Breast cancer stromal clotting activation (Tissue Factor and thrombin): A pre-invasive phenomena that is prognostic in invasion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2045-7634. ; 9:5, s. 1768-1778
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tumor stroma, of which fibroblasts are the most abundant cell, resembles a non-healing wound, where a procoagulant environment creates a permissive milieu for cancer growth. We aimed to determine if tumor expression of coagulation factors (procoagulant phenotype), and systemic hypercoagulability, occur at the preinvasive (ductal carcinoma in situ; DCIS) stage and correlate with breast cancer subtype, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Methods: In a prospective cohort of early breast cancer (DCIS, n=76; invasive, n=248) tumor, normal breast and plasma were examined. Fibroblast and epithelial expression of Tissue Factor(TF), thrombin, PAR1, PAR2, and plasma thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and D-dimer were correlated with clinicopathological data, and 5-year survival. Results: Fibroblast expression of TF, thrombin, and PAR1 was increased in DCIS and invasive cancer compared to normal breast fibroblasts (P≤.003, all). Fibroblast TF, thrombin, PAR1, and PAR2 was increased in cancers with high Ki67, high grade, ER-(vs ER+), and HER2+ (vs HER2-) (all P<.05). On univariate analysis, fibroblast TF expression was inversely associated with DFS (P=.04) and OS (P=.02). D-dimer was higher in node positive (507 (CI: 411-625)ng/mL, n=68) vs negative patients(428 (CI: 387-472)ng/mL, n=171, P=.004) and inversely associated with OS (P=.047). On multivariate analysis, plasma TAT was associated with reduced OS (HR 3.26, CI 1.16-3.1, P=.02), with a high plasma TAT (≥3.2ng/mL) associated with>3-fold mortality risk compared to low TAT. Conclusion: This demonstrates procoagulant phenotypic changes occur in fibroblasts at the preinvasive stage. Fibroblast procoagulant phenotype is associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes and reduced survival. Coagulation may be a therapeutic target in breast cancer. © 2019 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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| 5. |
- Shaker, H., et al.
(författare)
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Tissue Factor promotes breast cancer stem cell activity in vitro
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:16, s. 25915-25927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells that can self-renew and initiate tumours. The clotting-initiating protein Tissue Factor (TF) promotes metastasis and may be overexpressed in cancer cells with increased CSC activity. We sought to determine whether TF promotes breast CSC activity in vitro using human breast cancer cell lines. TF expression was compared in anoikis-resistant (CSC-enriched) and unselected cells. In cells sorted into of TF-expressing and TF-negative (FACS), and in cells transfected to knockdown TF (siRNA) and overexpress TF (cDNA), CSC activity was compared by (i) mammosphere forming efficiency (MFE) (ii) holoclone colony formation (Hc) and (iii) ALDH1 activity. TF expression was increased in anoikis-esistant and high ALDH1-activity T47D cells compared to unselected cells. FACS sorted TF-expressing T47Ds and TF-overexpressing MCF7s had increased CSC activity compared to TF-low cells. TF siRNA cells (MDAMB231, T47D) had reduced CSC activity compared to control cells. FVIIa increased MFE and ALDH1 in a dose-dependent manner (MDAMB231, T47D). The effects of FVIIa on MFE were abrogated by TF siRNA (T47D). Breast CSCs (in vitro) demonstrate increased activity when selected for high TF expression, when induced to overexpress TF, and when stimulated (with FVIIa). Targeting the TF pathway in vivo may abrogate CSC activity.
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| 6. |
- Wang, F. M., et al.
(författare)
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Global blue carbon accumulation in tidal wetlands increases with climate change
- 2021
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Ingår i: National Science Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2095-5138 .- 2053-714X. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal tidal wetlands produce and accumulate significant amounts of organic carbon (C) that help to mitigate climate change. However, previous data limitations have prevented a robust evaluation of the global rates and mechanisms driving C accumulation. Here, we go beyond recent soil C stock estimates to reveal global tidal wetland C accumulation and predict changes under relative sea level rise, temperature and precipitation. We use data from literature study sites and our new observations spanning wide latitudinal gradients and 20 countries. Globally, tidal wetlands accumulate 53.65 (95%CI: 48.52-59.01) Tg C yr(-1), which is similar to 30% of the organic C buried on the ocean floor. Modeling based on current climatic drivers and under projected emissions scenarios revealed a net increase in the global C accumulation by 2100. This rapid increase is driven by sea level rise in tidal marshes, and higher temperature and precipitation in mangroves. Countries with large areas of coastal wetlands, like Indonesia and Mexico, are more susceptible to tidal wetland C losses under climate change, while regions such as Australia, Brazil, the USA and China will experience a significant C accumulation increase under all projected scenarios.
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| 8. |
- Grigg, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Cigarette smoke and platelet-activating factor receptor dependent adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to lower airway cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 67:10, s. 908-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is associated with increased risk of pneumococcal infection. The mechanism for this association is unknown. We recently reported that the particulate matter from urban air simulates platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR)-dependent adhesion of pneumococci to airway cells. We therefore sought to determine whether CS stimulates pneumococcal adhesion to airway cells. Methods Human alveolar (A549), bronchial (BEAS2-B), and primary bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) were exposed to CS extract (CSE), and adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae determined. The role of PAFR in mediating adhesion was determined using a blocker (CV-3988). PAFR transcript level was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, and PAFR expression by flow cytometry. Lung PAFR transcript level was assessed in mice exposed to CS, and bronchial epithelial PAFR expression assessed in active-smokers by immunostaining. Results In A549 cells, CSE 1% increased pneumococcal adhesion (p<0.05 vs control), PAFR transcript level (p<0.01), and PAFR expression (p<0.01). Pneumococcal adhesion to A549 cells was attenuated by CV-3988 (p<0.001). CSE 1% stimulated pneumococcal adhesion to BEAS2-B cells and HBEpC (p<0.01 vs control). CSE 1% increased PAFR expression in BEAS2-B (p<0.01), and in HBEpC (p<0.05). Lung PAFR transcript level was increased in mice exposed to CS in vivo (p<0.05 vs room air). Active smokers (n=16) had an increased percentage of bronchial epithelium with PAFR-positive cells (p<0.05 vs never smokers, n=11). Conclusion CSE stimulates PAFR-dependent pneumococcal adhesion to lower airway epithelial cells. We found evidence that CS increases bronchial PAFR in vivo.
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| 10. |
- Morley, John E., et al.
(författare)
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Sarcopenia With Limited Mobility : An International Consensus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-8610 .- 1538-9375. ; 12:6, s. 403-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A consensus conference convened by the Society of Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders has concluded that "Sarcopenia, le, reduced muscle mass, with limited mobility" should be considered an important clinical entity and that most older persons should be screened for this condition. "Sarcopenia with limited mobility" is defined as a person with muscle loss whose walking speed is equal to or less than 1 m/s or who walks less than 400 m during a 6-minute walk, and who has a lean appendicular mass corrected for height squared of 2 standard deviations or more below the mean of healthy persons between 20 and 30 years of age of the same ethnic group. The limitation in mobility should not clearly be a result of otherwise defined specific diseases of muscle, peripheral vascular disease with intermittent claudication, central and peripheral nervous system disorders, or cachexia. Clinically significant interventions are defined as an increase in the 6-minute walk of at least 50 meters or an increase of walking speed of at least 0.1 m/s.
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