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- Tan No, K, et al.
(författare)
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Intrathecal administration of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or phosphoramidon/bestatin-combined induces antinociceptive effects through different opioid mechanisms
- 1998
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Ingår i: Neuropeptides. - 0143-4179 .- 1532-2785. ; 32:5, s. 411-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antinociceptive effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered protease inhibitors was tested against capsaicin (800 ng) injected into the dorsal surface of a hindpaw. Both p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (2-8 nmol), a cysteine protease inhibitor, and phosphoramidon (1-4 nmol), an endopeptidase 24.11 inhibitor in the presence of bestatin (0.25 nmol) an aminopeptidase inhibitor, administered i.t. 60 min prior to the injection of capsaicin produced a dose-dependent reduction of the capsaicin-induced paw licking and biting response. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate (4 nmol)-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by nor-binaltorphimine, a selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, but not by naltrindole, a selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist. On the other hand, phosphoramidon (4 nmol) /bestatin-induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by naltrindole, but not by nor-binaltorphimine. The results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate may be due to the inhibition of a cysteine protease degrading endogenous dynorphins whereas phosphoramidon in the presence of bestatin blocks the degradation of enkephalins.
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- Kisara, K., et al.
(författare)
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The possibility of controlling formation and cleavage reactions of HexA during kraft pulping
- 2006
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Ingår i: 2006 TAPPI Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference Proceedings.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- During kraft pulping, the side groups in the xylan backbone, 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA), are partly converted to hexenuronic acid (HexA). Simultaneously, degradation reactions of these side groups take place. In this study, the activation energies (Ea) for these reactions were determined during kraft pulping of birch from constant composition cook. The results show that Ea of bulk delignification (118kJ/mol, in accordance with earlier studies) is similar to that of HexA formation (129kJ/mol) and MeGlcA degradation (120kJ/mol), but it is lower than that of HexA degradation (141kJ/mol). The differences in activation energies imply a possibility of controlling the HexA and MeGlcA content in xylan by cooking temperature. This study demonstrated that this is indeed the case for the dissolved xylan, whereas pulp xylan is not markedly affected by a change in cooking temperature.
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