| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 4. |
- Ahlroth Pind, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacological treatment of asthma in Sweden from 2005 to 2015
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - : Marcel Dekker. - 0277-0903 .- 1532-4303. ; 61:4, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Despite access to effective therapies many asthma patients still do not have well-controlled disease. This is possibly related to underuse of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and overuse of short-acting β2-agonists (SABA). Our aim was to investigate longitudinal trends and associated factors in asthma treatment.METHODS: Two separate cohorts of adults with physician-diagnosed asthma were randomly selected from 14 hospitals and 56 primary health centers in Sweden in 2005 (n = 1182) and 2015 (n = 1225). Information about symptoms, maintenance treatment, and use of rescue medication was collected by questionnaires. Associations between treatment and sex, age, smoking, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, allergic asthma, and symptom control were analyzed using Pearson's chi2-test. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression.RESULTS: Maintenance treatment with ICS together with long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and/or montelukast increased from 39.2% to 44.2% (p = 0.012). The use of ICS + LABA as-needed increased (11.1-18.9%, p < 0.001), while SABA use decreased (46.4- 41.8%, p = 0.023). Regular treatment with ICS did not change notably (54.2-57.2%, p = 0.14). Older age, former smoking, and poor symptom control were related to treatment with ICS + LABA/montelukast. In 2015, 22.7% reported daily use of SABA. A higher step of maintenance treatment, older age, obesity, shorter education, current smoking, allergic asthma, low or very high physical activity, and a history of exacerbations were associated with daily SABA use.CONCLUSIONS: The use of ICS + LABA both for maintenance treatment and symptom relief has increased over time. Despite this, the problem of low use of ICS and high use of SABA remains.
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| 5. |
- Athlin, Åsa, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic spirometry in COPD is increasing, a comparison of two Swedish cohorts
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2055-1010. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spirometry should be used to confirm a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This test is not always performed, leading to possible misdiagnosis. We investigated whether the proportion of patients with diagnostic spirometry has increased over time as well as factors associated with omitted or incorrectly interpreted spirometry. Data from medical reviews and a questionnaire from primary and secondary care patients with a doctors' diagnosis of COPD between 2004 and 2010 were collected. Data were compared with a COPD cohort diagnosed between 2000 and 2003. Among 703 patients with a first diagnosis of COPD between 2004 and 2010, 88% had a diagnostic spirometry, compared with 59% (p < 0.001) in the previous cohort. Factors associated with not having diagnostic spirometry were current smoking (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.36-3.60), low educational level (OR 1.81; 1.09-3.02) and management in primary care (OR 2.28; 1.02-5.14). The correct interpretation of spirometry results increased (75% vs 82%; p = 0.010). Among patients with a repeated spirometry, 94% had a persistent FEV1/FVC or FEV1/VC ratio <0.70.
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| 6. |
- Bouhuis, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with self-assessed asthma severity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - : Marcel Dekker. - 0277-0903 .- 1532-4303. ; 59:4, s. 691-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Asthma severity can be estimated as the level of medication needed to achieve asthma control or by the patient's subjective assessment. Factors associated with self-assessed asthma severity are still incompletely explored.AIM: The aim was to study factors associated with self-assessed moderate or severe asthma.METHOD: In total, 1828 randomly selected asthma patients from primary (69%) and secondary (31%) care, completed a questionnaire including items about patient characteristics, comorbidity, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), emergency care visits and a scale for self-assessed asthma severity. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations with the dependent variable, self-assessed moderate or severe asthma in the entire study population and stratified by sex.RESULTS: Of the patients, 883 (45%) reported having moderate or severe asthma. Factors independently associated with self-assessed moderate or severe asthma were age >60 years (OR [95% CI] 1.98 [1.37-2.85]), allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (1.43 [1.05-1.95]), sinusitis (1.45 [1.09-1.93]), poor asthma control as measured by ACT <20 (5.64 [4.45-7.16]) and emergency care visits the previous year (2.52 [1.90-3.34]). Lower level of education was associated with self-assessed moderate/severe asthma in women (1.16 [1.05-2.43]) but not in men (0.90 [0.65-1.25]), p for interaction = .012.CONCLUSION: Poor asthma control, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, recent sinusitis and older age were independently associated with self-assessed moderate or severe asthma. Important implications are that comorbid conditions of the upper airways should always be considered as part of asthma management, and that elderly patients may need extra attention.
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| 7. |
- Bouhuis, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Factors Associated with the Non-Exacerbator Phenotype of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 18, s. 483-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and no exacerbations may need less maintenance treatment and follow-up. The aim was to identify factors associated with a non-exacerbator COPD phenotype.METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 1354 patients from primary and secondary care, with a doctor's diagnosis of COPD. In 2014, data on demographics, exacerbation frequency and symptoms using COPD Assessment Test (CAT) were collected using questionnaires and on spirometry and comorbid conditions by record review. The non-exacerbator phenotype was defined as having reported no exacerbations the previous six months. Multivariable logistic regression with the non-exacerbator phenotype as dependent variable was performed, including stratification and interaction analyses by sex.RESULTS: The non-exacerbator phenotype was found in 891 (66%) patients and was independently associated with COPD stage 1 (OR [95% CI] 5.72 [3.30-9.92]), stage 2 (3.42 [2.13-5.51]) and stage 3 (2.38 [1.46-3.88]) compared with stage 4, and with CAT score <10 (3.35 [2.34-4.80]). Chronic bronchitis and underweight were inversely associated with the non-exacerbator phenotype (0.47 [0.28-0.79]) and (0.68 [0.48-0.97]), respectively. The proportion of non-exacerbators was higher among patients with no maintenance treatment or a single bronchodilator. The association of COPD stage 1 compared with stage 4 with the non-exacerbator phenotype was stronger in men (p for interaction 0.048). In women, underweight and obesity were both inversely associated with the non-exacerbator phenotype (p for interaction 0.033 and 0.046 respectively), and in men heart failure was inversely associated with the non-exacerbator phenotype (p for interaction 0.030).CONCLUSION: The non-exacerbator phenotype is common, especially in patients with no maintenance treatment or a single bronchodilator, and is characterized by preserved lung function, low symptom burden, and by absence of chronic bronchitis, underweight and obesity and heart failure. We suggest these patients may need less treatment and follow-up, but that management of comorbid conditions is important to avoid exacerbations.
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| 8. |
- Fransson, Anette E, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrogen Inhalation Protects against Ototoxicity Induced by Intravenous Cisplatin in the Guinea Pig
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5102. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Permanent hearing loss and tinnitus as side-effects from treatment with the anticancer drug cisplatin is a clinical problem. Ototoxicity may be reduced by co-administration of an otoprotective agent, but the results in humans have so far been modest.Aim: The present preclinical in vivo study aimed to explore the protective efficacy of hydrogen (H2) inhalation on ototoxicity induced by intravenous cisplatin.Materials and Methods: Albino guinea pigs were divided into four groups. The Cispt (n = 11) and Cispt+H2 (n = 11) groups were given intravenous cisplatin (8 mg/kg b.w., injection rate 0.2 ml/min). Immediately after, the Cispt+H2 group also received gaseous H2 (2% in air, 60 min). The H2 group (n = 5) received only H2 and the Control group (n = 7) received neither cisplatin nor H2. Ototoxicity was assessed by measuring frequency specific ABR thresholds before and 96 h after treatment, loss of inner (IHCs) and outer (OHCs) hair cells, and by performing densitometry-based immunohistochemistry analysis of cochlear synaptophysin, organic transporter 2 (OCT2), and copper transporter 1 (CTR1) at 12 and 7 mm from the round window. By utilizing metabolomics analysis of perilymph the change of metabolites in the perilymph was assessed.Results: Cisplatin induced electrophysiological threshold shifts, hair cell loss, and reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the synapse area around the IHCs and OHCs. H2 inhalation mitigated all these effects. Cisplatin also reduced the OCT2 intensity in the inner and outer pillar cells and in the stria vascularis as well as the CTR1 intensity in the synapse area around the IHCs, the Deiters' cells, and the stria vascularis. H2 prevented the majority of these effects.Conclusion: H2 inhalation can reduce cisplatin-induced ototoxicity on functional, cellular, and subcellular levels. It is proposed that synaptopathy may serve as a marker for cisplatin ototoxicity. The effect of H2 on the antineoplastic activity of cisplatin needs to be further explored.
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| 9. |
- Giezeman, Maaike, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbid Heart Disease in Patients with COPD is Associated with Increased Hospitalization and Mortality : A 15-Year Follow-Up
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press Ltd.. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 18, s. 11-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of comorbid heart disease, defined as chronic heart failure or ischemic heart disease, on all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization and mortality in patients with COPD over a period of nearly 15 years.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort study included patients with COPD from primary and secondary care in 2005 with data from questionnaires and medical record reviews. The Swedish Board of Health and Welfare provided hospitalization and mortality data from 2005 through 2019. Cox regression analyses, adjusted for sex, age, educational level, smoking status, BMI, exacerbations, dyspnea score and comorbid diabetes or hypertension, assessed the association of comorbid heart disease with all-cause and cause-specific time to first hospitalization and death. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for the same variables, assessed this association with hospitalization days per year for those patients that had been hospitalized.RESULTS: Of the 1071 patients, 262 (25%) had heart disease at baseline. Cox regression analysis showed a higher risk of hospitalization for patients with heart disease for all-cause (HR (95% CI) 1.55; 1.32-1.82), cardiovascular (2.14; 1.70-2.70) and other causes (1.27; 1.06-1.52). Patients with heart disease also had an increased risk of all-cause (1.77; 1.48-2.12), cardiovascular (3.40; 2.41-4.78) and other (1.50; 1.09-2.06) mortality. Heart disease was significantly associated with more hospitalization days per year of all-cause (regression coefficient 0.37; 95% CI 0.15-0.59), cardiovascular (0.57; 0.27-0.86) and other (0.37; 0.12-0.62) causes. No significant associations were found between heart disease and respiratory causes of hospitalization and death.CONCLUSION: Comorbid heart disease in patients with COPD is associated with an increased risk for all-cause hospitalization and mortality, mainly due to an increase of hospitalization and death of cardiovascular and other causes, but not because of respiratory disease. This finding advocates the need of a strong clinical focus on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with COPD.
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| 10. |
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