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- Engstrom, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Data rescue of historical wind observations in Sweden since the 1920s
- 2023
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Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - 1866-3508. ; 15:6, s. 2259-2277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instrumental measurements of wind speed and direction from the 1920s to the 1940s from 13 stations in Sweden have been rescued and digitized, making 165 additional station years of wind data available through the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute's open data portal. These stations measured wind through different versions of cup-type anemometers and were mainly situated at lighthouses along the coasts and at airports. The work followed the protocol "Guidelines on Best Practices for Climate Data Rescue" of the World Meteorological Organization consisting of (i) designing a template for digitization, (ii) digitizing records in paper journals by a scanner, (iii) typing numbers of wind speed and direction data into the template, and (iv) performing quality control of the raw observation data. Along with the digitization of the wind observations, meta data from the stations were collected and compiled as support to the following quality control and homogenization of the wind data. The meta data mainly consist of changes in observer and a small number of changes in instrument types and positions. The rescue of these early wind observations can help improve our understanding of long-term wind changes and multidecadal variability (e.g. the "stilling" vs. "reversal" phenomena) but also to evaluate and assess climate simulations of the past. Digitized data can be accessed through the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute and the following Zenodo repository:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5850264 (Zhouet al., 2022) .
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- Brandefelt, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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A coupled climate model simulation of Marine Isotope Stage 3 stadial climate
- 2011
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 7:2, s. 649-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a coupled global climate model (CGCM) simulation, integrated for 1500 yr to quasi-equilibrium, of a stadial (cold period) within Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3). The simulated Greenland stadial 12 (GS12; similar to 44 ka BP) annual global mean surface temperature (T-s) is 5.5 degrees C lower than in the simulated recent past (RP) climate and 1.3 degrees C higher than in the simulated Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ka BP) climate. The simulated GS12 is evaluated against proxy data and previous modelling studies of MIS3 stadial climate. We show that the simulated MIS 3 climate, and hence conclusions drawn regarding the dynamics of this climate, is highly model-dependent. The main findings are: (i) Proxy sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are higher than simulated SSTs in the central North Atlantic, in contrast to earlier simulations of MIS 3 stadial climate in which proxy SSTs were found to be lower than simulated SST. (ii) The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slows down by 50% in the GS12 climate as compared to the RP climate. This slowdown is attained without freshwater forcing in the North Atlantic region, a method used in other studies to force an AMOC shutdown. (iii) El-Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections in mean sea level pressure (MSLP) are significantly modified by GS12 and LGM forcing and boundary conditions. (iv) Both the mean state and variability of the simulated GS12 is dependent on the equilibration. The annual global mean T-s only changes by 0.10 degrees C from model years 500-599 to the last century of the simulation, indicating that the climate system may be close to equilibrium already after 500 yr of integration. However, significant regional differences between the last century of the simulation and model years 500-599 exist. Further, the difference between simulated and proxy SST is reduced from model years 500-599 to the last century of the simulation. The results of the ENSO variability analysis is also shown to depend on the equilibration.
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- Cukras, Catherine, et al.
(författare)
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Retinal AAV8-RS1 Gene Therapy for X-Linked Retinoschisis : Initial Findings from a Phase I/IIa Trial by Intravitreal Delivery
- 2018
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Ingår i: Molecular Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-0016. ; 26:9, s. 2282-2294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the safety and tolerability of ocular RS1 adeno-associated virus (AAV8-RS1) gene augmentation therapy to the retina of participants with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS). XLRS is a monogenic trait affecting only males, caused by mutations in the RS1 gene. Retinoschisin protein is secreted principally in the outer retina, and its absence results in retinal cavities, synaptic dysfunction, reduced visual acuity, and susceptibility to retinal detachment. This phase I/IIa single-center, prospective, open-label, three-dose-escalation clinical trial administered vector to nine participants with pathogenic RS1 mutations. The eye of each participant with worse acuity (≤63 letters; Snellen 20/63) received the AAV8-RS1 gene vector by intravitreal injection. Three participants were assigned to each of three dosage groups: 1e9 vector genomes (vg)/eye, 1e10 vg/eye, and 1e11 vg/eye. The investigational product was generally well tolerated in all but one individual. Ocular events included dose-related inflammation that resolved with topical and oral corticosteroids. Systemic antibodies against AAV8 increased in a dose-related fashion, but no antibodies against RS1 were observed. Retinal cavities closed transiently in one participant. Additional doses and immunosuppressive regimens are being explored to pursue evidence of safety and efficacy (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02317887).
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- Drobin, D, et al.
(författare)
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Hemodynamic response and oxygen transport in pigs resuscitated with maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin (MP4)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985). - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 96:5, s. 1843-1853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell-free Hb increases systemic and pulmonary pressure and resistance and reduces cardiac output and heart rate in animals and humans, effects that have limited their clinical development as “blood substitutes.” The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic response to infusion of several formulations of a new polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified human Hb [maleimide PEG Hb (MalPEGHb)] in swine, an animal known to be sensitive to Hb-induced vasoconstriction. Anesthetized animals underwent controlled hemorrhage (50% of blood volume), followed by resuscitation (70% of shed volume) with 10% pentastarch (PS), 4% MalPEG-Hb in lactated Ringer (MP4), 4% MalPEG-Hb in pentastarch (HS4), 2% MalPEG-Hb in pentastarch (HS2), or 4% stroma-free Hb in lactated Ringer solution (SFH). Compared with baseline, restoration of blood volume after resuscitation was similar and not significantly different for the PS (103%), HS2 (99%), HS4 (106%), and MP4 (87%) animals but significantly less for the SFH animals (66%) ( P < 0.05). All solutions that contained MalPEG-Hb restored mean arterial and pulmonary pressure and cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance was unchanged, and pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance were increased slightly. Both systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in animals that received SFH, despite less adequate blood volume restoration. Oxygen consumption was maintained in all animals that received MalPEG-Hb, but not PS. Base excess improved only with MalPEG-Hb and PS, but not SFH. Red blood cell O2extraction was significantly increased in animals that received Hb, regardless of formulation. These data demonstrate resuscitation with MalPEG-human Hb without increasing systemic vascular resistance and support our previous observations in animals suggesting that the efficacy of low concentrations of PEG-Hb in the plasma results from reduced vasoconstriction.
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