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- Klasson-Heggebø, L., et al.
(författare)
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Graded associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and blood pressure in children and adolescents
- 2006
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Ingår i: British Journal of Sports Medicine. - : BMJ. - 0306-3674 .- 1473-0480. ; 40:1, s. 25-29; discussion 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To measure the graded relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and sum of skinfolds, waist circumference, and blood pressure in children and adolescents participating in the European youth heart study.METHODS:The participants were 4072 children and adolescents (aged 9 and 15) from Denmark, Portugal, Estonia, and Norway. Cardiorespiratory fitness was indirectly determined using a maximal ergometer cycle test. The sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference, and blood pressure were assessed with a standardised protocol. Linear regression analysis was used to test the graded relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and the dependent variables adjusted for pubertal stage, sex, and country.RESULTS:A significant curvilinear graded relation was found between cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference and sum of skinfolds (partial r2 for cardiorespiratory fitness was 0.09-0.26 for the different sexes and age groups). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure also showed a curvilinear relation with cardiorespiratory fitness, and fitness explained 2% of the variance in systolic blood pressure. The difference in systolic blood pressure between the least and most fit was 6 mm Hg.CONCLUSION:A curvilinear graded relation was found between cardiorespiratory fitness and waist circumference, sum of skinfolds, and systolic blood pressure. The greatest difference in these health variables was observed between low and moderate fitness levels.
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- McKay, C. P., et al.
(författare)
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Possible sources for methane and C 2-C 5 organics in the plume of Enceladus
- 2012
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Ingår i: Planetary and Space Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-0633 .- 1873-5088. ; 71:1, s. 73-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider six possible sources of CH 4 and other lowmass (C 2-C 5) organics in the plume of Enceladus: three of these sources represent initial endowments of organics: cometary organics, Titan-like tholin, and the Fisher-Tropsch type reactions in the gases from which Enceladus formed. The other three sources represent processes inside Enceladus: water-rock reactions, microbiology, and thermogenesis. We report on new laboratory results for C 2 hydrocarbons released by thermogenesis of laboratory tholin and the Fisher-Tropsch type synthesis. Thermal processing of Titan-like tholin produced ratios of CH 4/C 2H 4 and CH 4/C 2H 6 of about two for temperatures up to 450 °C and about six for a temperature of 650°C. The low pressure (∼1 atm) Fisher-Tropsch type experiments produced CH 4/C 2H 4 of ∼1.5, similar to previous results. C 2H 2 was not produced by either process. Tests of gas production by four strains of methanogens confirmed the absence of any detectable production of non-methane hydrocarbons. Cometary endowment, the Fisher-Tropsch type synthesis, and Titan-like tholin incorporation could be primary inputs of organics and subsequent thermal processing of any of these all are possible sources of low mass organics in the plume. Biological production and water-rock reactions are an alternative source of CH 4. Aqueous reactions with CO and H 2 can produce C 2-C 5 organics even at the low pressures of the interior of Enceladus. If there is a confirmed detection of CO and C 2H 2 in the plume of Enceladus, this provides an important constraint on sources, as we have identified no process, other than the initial volatile component of cometary organics, which can supply these gases. Precise determination of the relative concentrations of C 1-C 5 hydrocarbons may provide additional constraints on sources, but a detailed isotopic analysis of C and H in these organics and a search for amino acids constitute the next important steps in resolving the sources of the organics in Enceladus' plume.
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- Tollmar, Konrad, et al.
(författare)
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VideoCafe - exploring mediaspaces in public places within organizations
- 2001
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Ingår i: Behavior and Information Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-929X .- 1362-3001. ; 20, s. 101-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes our studies of mediaspaces which are embedded within public places in organizations so as to examine the hypothesis that individuals might benefit even when working apart - from opportunities for light informal interaction. A set of full-scale prototypes were used and assessed over extensive periods of time. The informal observations and reflection in design of these places have been supplemented by formal studies. We found that great care needs to be taken when designing these places from an architectural point of view. For some of the places, we would like to suggest using architectural features when altering the room rather than technology. In other settings, the artful deployment of communication media might be more effective.
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- Valind, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The fetal thymus has a unique genomic copy number profile resulting from physiological T cell receptor gene rearrangement
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Somatic mosaicism, the presence of genetically distinct cells within an organism, has been increasingly associated with human morbidity, ranging from being a cause of rare syndromes to a risk factor for common disorders such as malignancy and cardiovascular disease. Previous studies interrogating the normal prevalence of somatic mosaicism have focused on adults. We here present an estimate of the baseline frequency of somatic mosaic copy number variation (CNV) at the time around birth, by sampling eight different organs from a total of five fetuses and newborns. Overall we find a significantly lower frequency of organ specific (i.e. mosaic) CNVs as compared to adults (p = 0.003; Mann-Whitney U-test). The rate of somatic CNV in adults has been estimated to around 2.2 CNV per organ assayed. In contrast, after stringent filtering, we found no organ-private CNVs in fetuses or newborns with exception of the thymus. This organ exhibited a specific genome profile in the form of deletions resulting from polyclonal T-cell receptor rearrangements. This implies that somatic non-immune related CNVs, if present at birth, are typically confined to very small cell populations within organs.
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