| 1. |
- Grootens, Jennine, et al.
(författare)
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Single-cell analysis reveals the KIT D816V mutation in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in systemic mastocytosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2352-3964. ; 43, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a haematological disease characterised by organ infiltration by neoplastic mast cells. Almost all SM patients have a mutation in the gene encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT causing a D816V substitution and autoactivation of the receptor. Mast cells and CD34(+) haematopoietic progenitors can carry the mutation: however, in which progenitor cell subset the mutation arises is unknown. We aimed to investigate the distribution of the D816V mutation in single mast cells and single haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.Methods: Fluorescence-activated single-cell index sorting and KIT D816V mutation assessment were applied to analyse mast cells and >10,000 CD34(+) bone marrow progenitors across 10 haematopoietic progenitor subsets. In vitro assays verified cell-forming potential.Findings: We found that in SM 60-99% of the mast cells harboured the KIT D816V mutation. Despite increased frequencies of mast cells in SM patients compared with control subjects, the haematopoietic progenitor subset frequencies were comparable. Nevertheless, the mutation could be detected throughout the haematopoietic landscape of SM patients, from haematopoietic stem cells to more lineage-primed progenitors. In addition, we demonstrate that Fc epsilon RI+ bone marrow progenitors exhibit mast cell-forming potential, and we describe aberrant CD45RA expression on SM mast cells for the first time.Interpretation: The KIT D816V mutation arises in early haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and the mutation frequency is approaching 100% in mature mast cells, which express the aberrant marker CD45RA.
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| 2. |
- Lorenz, Fryderyk, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics, therapy response, and outcome of 51 adult patients with hematological malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis : a single institution experience
- 2018
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 59:8, s. 1840-1850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an underdiagnosed but life-threatening syndrome of hyperinflammation often occurring in adults with hematological malignancies (hM-HLH). The aim of the study was to describe clinical characteristics, therapy response, and outcome of adults with hM-HLH. The study included 51 adults with hM-HLH aged 23–84 years. Hyperferritinemia ≥500 µg/L was present in 96% of patients. The serum concentration of sIL-2Rα ≥ 2400 U/mL was revealed in 94% of patients. Twenty-three patients (45%) responded to therapy and achieved remission of HLH. The probability of overall survival (OS) at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after HLH diagnosis were 42, 20, 15, and 15%, respectively. Patients with HLH during chemotherapy showed longer OS (median 124 days) than the patients who had HLH solely attributed to malignancy (median 65 days), but this difference was not statistically significant. Awareness of HLH in lymphoid and myeloid malignancies is crucial for improved survival.
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| 3. |
- Lorenz, Fryderyk, et al.
(författare)
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Ferritinemia and serum inflammatory cytokines in Swedish adults with Gaucher disease type 1
- 2018
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Ingår i: Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 1079-9796 .- 1096-0961. ; 68, s. 35-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The storage of glucosylceramide in macrophages produces an inflammatory response in Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) resulting in iron metabolism dysregulation and cytokine release. Patients and methods: The study included 16 adults with GD1 aged 20-86 years. All but one patient carried at least one allele with the c.1226A > G (N370S) mutation in the GBA1 gene. Ferritinemia, iron metabolism profiles including hepcidin, and inflammatory cytokine concentrations were assessed in GD1 patients in Sweden. Results: Hyperferritinemia was present in 81% of patients. There was no correlation between hyperferritinemia and patient's gender, spleen status, or clinical status. Hepcidin was discrepantly low in relation to ferritin levels. TNF-alpha was moderately increased in 5 of 11 patients; 2 patients with the highest TNF-alpha concentrations showed mildly elevated IL-6 levels. The concentrations of IL-1 beta, IL-8, and IL-10 were normal in all patients. Upon treatment, ferritinemia ameliorated but S-ferritin levels did not normalize. The increased TNF-alpha level however, normalized in all treated patients, reaching the lowest values after 2 years of therapy and continued to be stable during the remaining 2 years of follow-up. Conclusions: Hyperferritinemia is a frequent finding in GD1 in Sweden. The relatively low hepcidin levels reveal a distorted relationship between hepcidin and ferritin in GD1. Therapy has the potential to not only ameliorate hyperferritinemia but to also normalize the serum TNF-alpha concentration in GD1.
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| 4. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with multiple myeloma
- 2011
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 28:2, s. 539-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acquired or secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammation syndrome caused mostly by various infectious agents, autoimmune disorders or malignancy. So far, only anecdotal cases of sHLH associated with multiple myeloma have been published. We provide a review of all these reports and include a previously not published case of myeloma-associated sHLH in a 59-year-old male with complex partial epilepsy. Due to aggressive course of sHLH, increased awareness is indicated in all patients with malignancies which develop unremitting fever, cytopenia and splenomegaly. Early diagnosis and immediate introduction of adequate therapy is crucial for the outcome of HLH.
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| 5. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Association between P-glycoprotein and lymphoid antigen expression on myeloblasts versus therapy response and survival in de novo acute myeloid leukemia : long-term follow-up results
- 2012
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Ingår i: Medical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1357-0560 .- 1559-131X. ; 29:3, s. 2070-2076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- P-glycoprotein (PGP) over-expression on malignant cells is associated with poor prognosis and treatment outcome due to the development of a multidrug resistance phenotype. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between expression of PGP and lymphoid antigens (Ly) on leukemic myeloblasts versus response to therapy and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Fifty-one consecutive patients, aged 16–75 (median age 44.6 years), diagnosed with de novo AML between 1997 and 2000, and who received at least one induction chemotherapy course, were enrolled in the study. Expression of PGP on ≥10% of the myeloblasts (PGP+AML) at the time of diagnosis was observed in 21 patients (41%). The complete remission rate did not differ between PGP+ (13/21) and PGP− (20/30) patients (62 vs. 67%). Twelve of the 51 patients (24%) were still alive after a median follow-up time of 11.5 years (range 10.7–13.1). The Ly+AML patients showed significantly better overall survival compared with Ly−AML patients (8/18 vs. 4/33 patients alive at the last follow-up, P = 0.003). The subgroup of patients with co-expression of PGP and Ly also showed better overall survival compared with PGP+AML patients without Ly expression (4/8 vs. 0/13 patients alive at the last follow-up; P = 0.04). Our results suggest that expression of lymphoid antigens on PGP+ myeloblasts in AML can positively affect survival in AML patients, mainly due to a decreased relapse risk and better survival. Although the small number of patient may be perceived as a limitation of the study, the long follow-up period strengthens its value. Further prospective trials are needed to obtain more information concerning the association between PGP and lymphoid antigens in AML, which would put our results in their ultimate proper context.
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| 6. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Development of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma in an adult with biallelic STXBP2 mutations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medicine, Huddinge. - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental model systems have delineated an important role for cytotoxic lymphocytes in the immunosurveillance of cancer. In humans, perforin-deficiency has been associated with occurrence of hematologic malignancies. Here, we describe an Epstein-Barr virus-positive classical Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient harboring biallelic mutations in STXBP2, a gene required for exocytosis of perforin-containing lytic granules and associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were found infiltrating the tumor, and a high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected in peripheral blood. However, lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, as well as natural killer cells, were severely impaired in the patient. Thus, the data suggest a link between defective lymphocyte exocytosis and development of lymphoma in STXBP2-deficient patients. Therefore, with regards to treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis patients with mutations in genes required for lymphocyte exocytosis, it is important to consider both the risks of hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis and malignancy.
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| 7. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Gaucher disease with foamy transformed macrophages and erythrophagocytic activity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. - : Wiley. - 0141-8955 .- 1573-2665. ; 34:1, s. 233-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foamy transformation of macrophages is typically seen in lysosomal storage disorders in patients with Niemann-Pick disease, but foamy Gaucher cells (GC) were previously reported only once, in the autopsy report. Although the majority of stored glucocerebroside in GC is of erythrocyte origin, apparent erythrophagocytosis by GC in bone marrow is an unusual finding. Here, we describe the case of an adult non-Jewish Caucasian male with a heterozygous Gaucher disease type 1 (mutations c.1226A>G and c.1448T>C in the GBA1 gene) who presented with atypical morphology of GC on bone marrow examination. Approximately 15% of his GC showed a notable erythrophagocytic activity or unusual appearance of foamy transformed macrophages with a great number of vacuoles and erythrocyte rests in the cytoplasm. This report highlights the fact that morphological examination of cells and tissue specimens is very helpful in the diagnosis of a storage disorder but that confirmatory testing for specific diseases should always follow. Moreover, it is now clear that Gaucher disease should be a part of the differential diagnosis of foamy transformed macrophages.
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| 8. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of imiglucerase supply shortage on clinical and laboratory parameters in norrbottnian patients with Gaucher disease type 3.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0004-069X .- 1661-4917. ; 63:1, s. 65-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A viral contamination of the production plant producing imiglucerase (Cerezyme™) resulted in an unpredicted worldwide shortage of global supplies during 2009-2010. The aim of the study was to describe the effects of dose reduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in adults with Norrbottnian form of Gaucher disease type 3 (N-GD3). There were ten adults with N-GD3 treated with imiglucerase in the county of Norrbotten in June 2009. Analyzed variables included plasma chitotriosidase activity and concentration of CCL18/PARC, whole blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and platelet count (PLT), as well as patients' body weight, subjective complaints and health status measured by the EuroQoL-5D questionnaire. The median duration of ERT shortage lasted for 14 months (10-20 months). The median percentage reduction of imiglucerase dose was 36 % (26-59 %). Hb decreased in four patients, PLT decreased in three patients, chitotriosidase increased in three patients (max. +22 % of baseline), and CCL18/PARC increased in six patients (+14 % to +57 %). The body weight was moderately decreased in one patient. No new bone events were noted. Self-assessment of individual patient's health status was stable in all but one patient. Our results suggest that moderate reduction of ERT dosage lasting for relatively short period of time can lead to worsening in biomarkers of adults with N-GD3. However, this worsening is infrequently translated to clinical worsening of patients. It is possible that CCL18/PARC has a higher sensitivity than chitotriosidase in monitoring of ERT dosing in GD3.
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| 9. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults : a retrospective population-based analysis from a single center
- 2011
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Ingår i: Leukemia and Lymphoma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1042-8194 .- 1029-2403. ; 52:4, s. 613-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A retrospective, population-based study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, clinical features, and outcome of malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (M-HLH) in adults. Between January 1996 and December 2009, eight out of 887 (0.9%) patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies developed aggressive M-HLH in an area inhabited by approximately 160,000 people. Thus the estimated annual incidence of M-HLH in adulthood was 0.36/100,000 individuals/year. The clinical course of M-HLH was aggressive in all patients. Six patients were treated with a modified HLH-94 protocol; three achieved remission (durable in one case) while the others did not respond and died within an average of 2.4 months (range 1.5-3.5) after M-HLH diagnosis. Infection complicating the course of M-HLH occurred in four (50%) patients, all of whom developed fulminant M-HLH and died. Although the small study population limits the results, the long observation period strengthens its value.
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| 10. |
- Machaczka, Maciej, et al.
(författare)
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Recurrent pulmonary aspergillosis and mycobacterial infection in an unsplenectomized patient with type 1 Gaucher disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 119:1, s. 44-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. The clinical presentation of Gaucher disease (GD), an inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, is highly variable, and three clinical types are distinguished based upon the presence of neurologic symptoms. Thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone manifestations are the most typical signs of GD type 1 (GD1). Case presentation. We present the case of an unsplenectomized man suffering from heterozygous GD1 with mutations of c.1226A>G (N370S) and RecNci I (L444P, A456P, and V460V) in the GBA1 gene, who developed recurrent pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and a mycobacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium avium. Despite long-lasting therapy of both aspergillosis (including antifungal drugs and surgery), and the mycobacterial infection (triple therapy with rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin), recurrent positivity for M. avium and A. fumigatus was detected. Conclusions. Symptomatic lung involvement and an increased susceptibility to pulmonary infections are uncommon in GD and, if present, are often associated with more severe disease manifestations. To our knowledge, this is the first published report on the association of GD and pulmonary aspergillosis and mycobacterial infection. It illustrates the increased susceptibility of untreated GD patients to opportunistic pulmonary infections and ineffective eradication of these infections despite adequate therapy.
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