| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Metod för bedömning och värdering av ekosystemtjänster i staden (VEKST) : Handbok version 1.0
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under åren 2013–2016 genomfördes forskningsprojektet Värdering av ekosystemtjänster av urban grönska med syftet att kartlägga, synliggöra och värdera den urbana grönskan. Inom forskningsprojektet studerades bland annat hur ekosystemtjänsterna klimatreglering, förbättrad luftkvalitet, dagvattenhantering, bullerdämpning, rekreation och välbefinnande kan bedömas och värderas. Dessutom kartlades delar av den biologiska mångfalden (träd, buskar, örter, bin och fåglar). För att kunna bedöma och värdera de ekosystemtjänster som ingick i projektet utvecklades en stegvis metod. Metoden baseras på mätningar och inventeringar i sju fallstudieområden i Göteborg, intervjuer och enkätstudier samt relevant litteratur. I denna handbok presenteras metoden samt mallar som guidar användaren genom metodens fem steg. Handboken innehåller också exempel på hur metoden har använts. Viktigt att poängtera är att metoden som beskrivs i denna handbok inte är en slutprodukt utan en första version. I takt med ökad kunskap kan, och bör, metoden utvecklas, kompletteras och förbättras. Till exempel kan fler ekosystemtjänster bedömas och värderas. Metoden är utvecklad med tanken att den ska vara enkel att använda, systematisk och transparent i alla steg. Denna handbok vänder sig bland annat till stadsplanerare och konsulter som på uppdrag av planerare arbetar med beslutsstöd i planprocessen. Metoden kan användas för att bedöma inverkan av förändringar i stadsbilden, t ex vid förtätning, eller för att följa förändringar över tid.
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| 2. |
- Duchén, Karel, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty fish intake in mothers during pregnancy and in their children in relation to the development of obesity and overweight in childhood: The prospective ABIS study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Obesity Science and Practice. - : Wiley. - 2055-2238. ; 6:1, s. 57-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Although controversial, lower maternal intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) during pregnancy and lower levels of omega-3 PUFA in serum phospholipids during childhood have been related to obesity. The main source of omega-3 PUFA is fatty fish in the diet. Objectives: To assess the relationship between overweight/obesity and the intake of fatty fish in maternal diet during pregnancy and in children up to 8 years of age. Methods: The prospective cohort All Children in South-East Sweden (ABIS) followed babies from birth to 8 years of age. A total of 6749 children at 5 years of age (boys 52.6%) and 3017 children at 8 years (boys 52.3%) participated. A “fatty-fish index” was constructed on the basis of self-reports of nutritional habits. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children at 5 years were 12.9% and 4.2%, respectively. At 8 years, 12.2% of the children presented overweight and 2.3% obesity. Girls were more affected than boys by overweight/obesity. A higher fish index during pregnancy was not related to overweight/obesity in the children, whereas a higher fish index in the children during the first years of life was related to obesity at 5 and 8 years of age. This relationship disappeared in a multivariable analysis. Maternal body mass index (BMI), maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, and physical activity all remained related to overweight/obesity at both 5 and 8 years of age. Conclusion: No relationships were found between a lower intake of fatty fish in the diet, neither in mothers during pregnancy nor in early childhood, and increased risk of overweight/obesity. © 2019 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by World Obesity and The Obesity Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 3. |
- Guo, Annie, et al.
(författare)
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Early-life diet and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a pooled study in two Scandinavian birth cohorts.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 73:4, s. 590-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed whether early-life diet quality and food intake frequencies were associated with subsequent IBD.Prospectively recorded 1-year and 3-year questionnaires in children from the All Babies in Southeast Sweden and The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study were used to assess diet quality using a Healthy Eating Index and intake frequency of food groups. IBD was defined as >2 diagnoses in national patient registers. Cox regression yielded HRs adjusted (aHRs) for child's sex, parental IBD, origin, education level and maternal comorbidities. Cohort-specific results were pooled using a random-effects model.During 1304433 person-years of follow-up, we followed 81280 participants from birth through childhood and adolescence, whereof 307 were diagnosed with IBD. Compared with low diet quality, medium and high diet quality at 1 year of age were associated with a reduced risk of IBD (pooled aHR 0.75 (95% CI=0.58 to 0.98) and 0.75 (95% CI=0.56 to 1.00)). The pooled aHR per increase of category was 0.86 (0.74 to 0.99). Pooled aHR for children 1year old with high versus low fish intake was 0.70 (95% CI=0.49 to 1.00) for IBD, and showed association with reduced risk of UC (pooled aHR=0.46; 95% CI=0.21, 0.99). Higher vegetable intake at 1 year was associated with a risk reduction in IBD. Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with an increased risk of IBD. Diet quality at 3 years was not associated with IBD.In this Scandinavian birth cohort, high diet quality and fish intake in early life were associated with a reduced risk of IBD.
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| 4. |
- Holmberg, Christopher, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The food diary as a pedagogical strategy in undergraduate nursing nutrition education: a student evaluation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Few studies have evaluated educational nutrition activities in undergraduate nursing, and none have published how the established food assessment method, the food diary, can be used as a pedagogical method in this context. Objective To describe undergraduate nursing students’ learning outcomes of basic nutrition and important elements for their learning after conducting a one-day food record with a subsequent seminar (henceforth: “the food diary method”). Design Cross-sectional. Setting Undergraduate nursing program in Sweden. Participants 161 students. Methods Participants conducted a one-day food record by documenting their food intake and calculating the nutritional values. After completion, students participated in a seminar, and an evaluative questionnaire was distributed at the end. The questionnaires contained both numerical and free-text questions. Results Of 162 students attending the seminar, all but one completed the questionnaire (response rate: 99%). The highest rated learning outcome, on the 5-point Likert scale, was an increased understanding for the nutritional recommendations (Median, M=5). The highest rated educational aspects were that they compared their records with the nutritional recommendations (M=5), and the calculations of nutritional values of their records (M=5). Participants also indicated that they gained information that would be useful for them as practicing nurses (M=5). Conclusions Overall, the food diary method appeared to be a feasible method in educating and engaging undergraduate nursing students in the field of basic nutrition. These findings support results from previous studies in this area, such that educational nutrition activities that utilize active, experiential, and social learning strategies were appreciated by the students.
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| 5. |
- Hulthén, Lena, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Salt intake in young Swedish men.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 13:5, s. 601-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To measure dietary salt intake in a Swedish population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with measured 24 h urinary excretion of Na and K. Completeness of urine collection was assessed using p-aminobenzoic acid. The subjects were interviewed on their habitual food intake. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Eighty-six young men (age 18-20 years), randomly selected from the population of Gothenburg. Seven men were excluded due to incomplete urine collection. RESULTS: The mean excretion of Na and K over 24 h was 198 and 84 mmol, respectively (corresponding to 11.5 g NaCl and 3.3 g K). The mean 24 h excretion in the highest quartile of Na excretion was 297 mmol Na and 105 mmol K, and in the lowest quartile, 100 mmol Na and 68 mmol K. The mean Na:K ratio was 2.3, and respectively 3.2 and 1.8 in the highest and lowest Na excretion quartiles. Calculated energy intake did not differ between the highest and lowest quartiles of Na excretion, but body weight, BMI and the intake of certain foods known to be Na-rich did. CONCLUSIONS: Salt intake in young men was alarming high and even subjects in the lowest quartile of Na excretion did not meet present recommendations to limit salt intake to 5-6 g/d. At this point we can only speculate what the consequences of the high salt intake may be for CVD and stroke later in life. Regulation of the salt content in processed and fast food and in snacks is advocated, to curtail the salt burden on society imposed by the food industry.
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| 6. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of under- and over-reporters of energy intake among 18-20-year-old males: the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800. ; 11:11, s. 1117-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To identify and describe characteristics of the bias of reported energy intake of participants in the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study. DESIGN: A validated diet history with a detailed questionnaire and an interview was used. Body fat was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The ratio of energy intake (EI) to BMR was used to define under-reporters (EI:BMR < 1.30), acceptable reporters (EI:BMR >/= 1.30 to <2.64) and over-reporters (EI:BMR >/= 2.64). SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 695 males (18-20 years). RESULTS: Sixty-eight per cent were classed as acceptable reporters, 22 % as over-reporters and 10 % as under-reporters. The under-reporters had higher BMI and body fat percentage than acceptable reporters (P < 0.001), while over-reporters had lower BMI and body fat percentage (P < 0.001). Over-reporters had more frequent use of protein supplements than acceptable reporters and higher physical activity. Over-reporters had a more regular and under-reporters a less regular meal pattern compared with acceptable reporters. CONCLUSIONS: Important knowledge of dietary reporting bias in a previously sparsely studied population has been provided. Over-reporting of energy intake was more common than under-reporting in the present population of young men and characteristics of under- and over-reporters were identified. The GOOD study was initiated with the central aim to determine environmental and genetic factors involved in the regulation of bone and fat mass, and the nutrient data of the acceptable reporters can be used for further investigation of the health effects of energy and nutrient intake.
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| 7. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979
(författare)
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Dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols in relation to serum cholesterol and myocardial infarction - Epidemiological studies from Sweden and the UK
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. High serum level of cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for CVD development. Serum levels of cholesterol can be modified by diet. Generally, these dietary effects have been attributed to different fats and soluble fibres, but other nutrients like plant sterols may play an important role. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to to investigate the dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and their relation to serum levels of total and low density lipoprotein (LDL)- cholesterol and to the risk of contracting a first myocardial infarction (MI). These investigations were performed within the UK European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk Study and within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). In both studies, dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols was estimated with food frequency questionnaires. Reported intake of naturally occurring plant sterols was around 250 mg/day for men and 210 mg/day for women in northern Sweden. In the investigated UK population, the reported intake has previously been shown to be around 300 mg/day for both men and women. In the UK, bread and other cereals, vegetables and added fats were the three most important food sources of naturally occurring plant sterols, together contributing with more than 50% of the total intake. In Sweden, intake of vegetable oil was highly correlated to both absolute and energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. In Sweden, plant sterol intake was inversely related to serum levels of total cholesterol in both men and women, and to serum levels of LDL-cholesterol in women. Odds ratio for a first MI was 0.76 for men in the highest quarter of plant sterol intake compared to men in the lowest quarter, while no effect was seen for women. The present epidemiological studies suggest that dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols reduce serum levels of cholesterol and reduce the risk of contracting a first MI. Advice to enhance intake of naturally occurring plant sterols may be incorporated in the nutritional treatment of hyperlipidaemia and into the prevention of CVDs. To firmly establish the effect of naturally occurring plant sterols on serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol, intervention studies are however needed.
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| 8. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Intake of Naturally Occurring Plant Sterols Is Related to a Lower Risk of a First Myocardial Infarction in Men but Not in Women in Northern Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 143:10, s. 1630-1635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is inversely related to serum cholesterol concentrations. Elevated serum cholesterol increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but it is unknown if this can be reduced by dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols. Our aim was to investigate if a high intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is related to a lower risk of contracting a first MI. The analysis included 1005 prospective cases (219 women, 786 men) and 3148 matched referents (723 women, 2425 men), aged 29-73 y at baseline, from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. A food frequency. questionnaire (FFQ) was completed at baseline. Absolute plant sterol intake was inversely related to the risk of a first MI in men (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.85; P-trend = 0.006) but not in women. After adjustment for confounders, the estimated risk was somewhat attenuated (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55,0.92; P-trend = 0.067), suggesting that increasing sterol intake from 150 to 340 mg/d reduces the risk of a first MI by 29%. Energy-adjusted plant sterol intake was not related to the risk of a first MI in either men or women. In conclusion, the findings of this observational study show that a high absolute intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is significantly related to a lower risk of a first MI in men in northern Sweden, whereas no significant relation was seen for energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. In women, no significant associations were found. The results from this study show that intake of plant sterols may be important in prevention of MI.
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| 9. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of plant sterol intake estimated with the Northern Sweden FFQ.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Public health nutrition. - 1475-2727 .- 1368-9800. ; 16:3, s. 460-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plant sterol intake estimated with the eighty-four-item Northern Sweden FFQ against repeated 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) as the reference method. DESIGN: Randomly recruited participants from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) responded to an FFQ (FFQ1). Over the subsequent 12 months, ten repeated 24-HDR were carried out. After this, a second FFQ (FFQ2) was completed. SETTING: Västerbotten county, northern Sweden. SUBJECTS: Ninety-six men and ninety-nine women. RESULTS: The Pearson correlation coefficient for absolute total plant sterol intake estimated with FFQ1 and 24-HDR was 0·58 and 0·55 for the men and women, respectively. Cross-classification of participants into quartiles of absolute plant sterol intake estimated with FFQ1 and 24-HDR showed that 90 % of the men and 83 % of the women were classified into the same or an adjacent quartile. For energy-adjusted plant sterol intake, 71 % of the men and 74 % of the women were classified into the same or an adjacent quartile. The agreement for cross-classification of participants into quartiles between FFQ1 and FFQ2 was good for both absolute and energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. CONCLUSIONS: The FFQ is able to capture absolute plant sterol intake to the same extent as other nutrients, and to rank individuals according to both their absolute and energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. The reproducibility of the FFQ was good, suggesting that the method is reliable. This makes it possible to use plant sterol data from the FFQ in large-scale studies of the association between plant sterol intake and disease.
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| 10. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Food sources of plant sterols in the EPIC Norfolk population
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 62:6, s. 695-703
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intake of plant sterols and identify major dietary sources of plant sterols in the British diet. SUBJECTS: A total of 24 798 men and women recruited during 1993-1997, participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). INTERVENTIONS: A database of the plant sterol (campesterol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campestanol and beta-sitostanol) content in foods, based on gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analyses, was linked to nutritional intake data from food frequency questionnaires in the EPIC-Norfolk population. RESULTS: The mean (s.d.) intake of total plant sterols was 300 (108) mg/d for men and 293 (100) mg/d for women. Bread and other cereals, vegetables and added fats were the three major food sources of plant sterols representing 18.6 (8.9), 18.4 (8.5) and 17.3 (10.4)% of the total plant sterol intake respectively. Women had a higher plant sterol density than men (36.4 vs 32.8 mg/1000 kJ, P<0.001) and in relation to energy intake higher intakes of plant sterols from vegetables, bread and other cereals, added fats, fruits and mixed dishes (all P<0.001), whilst men had higher intakes of plant sterols from cakes, scones and chocolate, potatoes (all P<0.001) and other foods (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The intake of plant sterols in UK, mainly from bread, cereals, fats and vegetables, is much higher than previously reported but comparable to recent European studies.
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