| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A microfluidic control board for high-pressure flow, composition, and relative permittivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 90:21, s. 12601-12608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flow control is central to microfluidics and chromatography. With decreasing dimensions and high pressures, precise fluid flows are often needed. In this paper, a high-pressure flow control system is presented, allowing for the miniaturization of chromatographic systems and the increased performance of microfluidic setups by controlling flow, composition and relative permittivity of two-component flows with CO2. The system consists of four chips: two flow actuator chips, one mixing chip and one relative permittivity sensor. The actuator chips, throttling the flow, required no moving parts as they instead relied on internal heaters to change the fluid resistance. This allows for flow control using miniaturized fluid delivery systems containing only a single pump or pressure source. Mobile phase gradients between 49% to 74% methanol in CO2 were demonstrated. Depending on how the actuator chips were dimensioned, the position of this range could be set for different method-specific needs. With the microfluidic control board, both flow and composition could be controlled from constant pressure sources, drift could be removed, and variations in composition could be lowered by 84%, resulting in microflows of CO2 and methanol with a variation in the composition of 0.30%.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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A microfluidic relative permittivity sensor for feedback control of carbon dioxide expanded liquid flows
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 285, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binary CO2-alcohol mixtures, such as CO2-expanded liquids (CXLs), are promising green solvents for reaching higher performance in flow chemistry and separation processing. However, their compressibility and high working pressure makes handling challenging. These mixtures allow for a tuneable polarity but, to do so, requires precise flow control. Here, a high-pressure tolerant microfluidic system containing a relative permittivity sensor and a mixing chip is used to actively regulate the relative permittivity of these fluids and indirectly—composition. The sensor is a fluid-filled plate capacitor created using embedded 3D-structured thin films and has a linearity of 0.9999, a sensitivity of 4.88 pF per unit of relative permittivity, and a precision within 0.6% for a sampling volume of 0.3 μL. Composition and relative permittivity of CO2-ethanol mixtures were measured at 82 bar and 21 °C during flow. By flow and dielectric models, this relationship was found to be described by the pure components and a quadratic mixing rule with an interaction parameter, kij, of -0.63 ± 0.02. Microflows with a relative permittivity of 1.7–21.4 were generated, and using the models, this was found to correspond to compositions of 6–90 mol % ethanol in CO2. With the sensor, a closed loop control system was realised and CO2-ethanol flows were tuned to setpoints of the relative permittivity in 30 s.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic pH determination at high pressure of aqueous additive mixtures in contact with dense CO2
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Supercritical Fluids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0896-8446 .- 1872-8162. ; 136, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A system consisting of a high-pressure tolerant microfluidic glass chip, high-speed absorbance imaging, and image processing has been developed to study rapid dynamic events like pH change in a multiphase flow. The system gives both kinetic and quantitative equilibrated information. By tracking the interactions of aqueous additive mixtures and liquid CO2, at 80 bar and 24 °C, under flow, measurement at a given P, T condition is done in 0.25 s. The acidification rate to steady state was found to be mass transport limited, occurring in less than 1 s. For 30 mM of the additives ammonium acetate and ammonium formate, equilibrium pH of 4.5 and 4.1, respectively, was seen. These additives are of key importance in common mobile phases used in SFC.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Flowing and pressurizing a solid-liquid two phase monodispersed fluid with high solid content in a transparent microfluidic high-pressure chip
- 2017
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Ingår i: 28TH MICROMECHANICS AND MICROSYSTEMS EUROPE WORKSHOP. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. ; 922:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Handling highly concentrated solid-liquid two-phase fluids in microfluidics is challenging. In this paper, we present the first studies of flowing solder paste with a high solid content in a transparent high-pressure tolerant glass chip, thereby increasing the understanding of how multiphase liquids with high density difference between the phases behave in small channels (840 mu m in diameter). The system, including a custom made high-pressure, low resistance, interface, was continuously operated at pressures up to of 6 MPa and devices where shown to have pressure tolerance up to 17 MPa. During flow through the chip, the packing density of the solder balls displayed inhomogeneity over the channel where chains of solder balls in contact with each other were formed together with voids. These in-homogeneities persisted along the channel during flow. The flow rate of the paste through the chip oscillated between 63 to 350 mu m/s when pumping at constant volume rate of 30 mu l/min. When a pressure of 2 MPa was applied, the volume of the solder paste particle segment decreased 1.6%, and 0.1% was elastically recovered when the pressure was released. It is concluded that this transparent microfluidic high-pressure glass chip with the special developed interface is suitable for flow studies of solder paste with a high solid content.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Fracture strength of glass chips for high-pressure microfluidics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. - : IOP Publishing. - 0960-1317 .- 1361-6439. ; 26:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-pressure microfluidics exposes new areas in chemistry. In this paper, the reliability of transparent borosilicate glass chips is investigated. Two designs of circular cavities are used for fracture strength tests, either 1.6 mm wide with rounded corners to the fluid inlets, or 2.0 mm wide with sharp inlet corners. Two kinds of tests are done, either short-term,e.g. pressurization to fracture at room temperature, or long-term, with fracture at constant pressurization for up to one week, in the temperature region 11–125 °C. The speed of crack fronts is measured using a high-speed camera. Results show fracture stresses in the range of 129 and 254 MPa for short-term measurements. Long-term measurements conclude the presences of a temperature and stress dependent delayed fracture. For a reliability ofone week at 11–38 °C, a pressure limit is found at the lower end of the short-term measurements, or 15% lower than the average. At 80 °C, this pressure limit is 45% lower. Crack speeds are measured to be 10−5 m s-1 during short-term fracture. These measurements are comparable with estimations based on slow crack growth and show that the growth affects the reliability of glass chips. This effect is strongly affected by high temperatures, thus lowers the operating window of high-pressure glass microfluidic devices.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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High Pressure Glass Devices For CO2 And H2O
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A microfluidic system is presented to investigate interactions between supercritical CO2 and H2O using high-pressure glass chips. The reliability of these chips at pressures necessary to sustain CO2 in the supercritical phase is dependent of both time and temperature. 130 bar can be kept at 38°C for more than a week. These systems can be used to create parallel flow streams used to investigate reaction dynamics by the addition of pH sensitive dyes.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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High pressure glass microfluidics for supercritical CO2 with aqueous solutions
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A microfluidic system is presented to investigate interactions between supercritical CO2 and H2O using high-pressure glass chips. The reliability of these chips at pressures necessary to sustain CO2 in the supercritical phase is dependent of both time and temperature. 130 bar can be kept at 38°C for more than a week. These systems can be used to investigate fluid interaction between supercritical CO2 and aqueous solutions by the addition of pH sensitive dye and high speed absorption light imagining, making it possible to demonstrate acidification is in a multiphase chip. By the addition of integrated temperature sensors, better control of the states of the fluids inside the chips can be achieved.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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High-Speed Imaging Of The ph Drop In Aqueous solutions In Contact With Supercritical Co2 Segments
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A high-speed imaging system based on light absorption of bromophenol blue (BPB) pH sensitivedye in a glass high-pressure microchip is used to study the instantaneous dynamics of a pH drop in anaqueous phase in contact with segments of subcritical (liquid) and supercritical CO2. The dynamics ofthe pH-drop has been studied and visualized, demonstrating acidification rates of up to 3.5 pH/s.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Martin, 1987-
(författare)
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Microfluidics at High Pressures : Understanding, Sensing, and Control
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores understanding, sensing, and control in high-pressure microfluidics. The high-pressure regime allows fluids to be forced through narrow channels at substantial speed and creates conditions for fluids of high density and low viscosity—features desired in flow-based chemical analyses. With changes to pressure and temperature, fluid properties vary, and for miniaturized flow systems, sensing and control are needed.For miniaturized chemical analytics to utilize high-pressure fluids, like supercritical CO2, sensors are required for flow characterization. In this thesis, high-pressure tolerant sensors in glass chips have been developed and investigated. By the use of chip-integrated temperature, flow, and relative permittivity sensors, the variable behavior of supercritical CO2 or binary component CO2-alcohol mixtures have been investigated. To be able to change flow rates, a heat-based actuator chip has been developed. By a flow control system, which combines a relative permittivity sensor and heat actuated flow regulators on a modular system, the composition of binary component CO2-alcohol mixtures can be tuned and controlled with feedback.Flows of multiphase CO2-H2O hold promise for miniaturized extraction systems. In this thesis, parallel multiphase CO2-H2O flow has been studied. To achieve control, methods have been investigated where channels have been modified by the introduction of a guiding ridge and altered by a chemical coating. Flow is a dynamic process, where pressure and temperature can vary with time and place. As the properties of fluids containing CO2 may change with pressure and temperature, properties will also change with time and place. Because of this, instruments with spatial and temporal resolution are needed to better understand dynamic chemical effects at flow. In this thesis, a tool is presented to study the dynamic acidification of aqueous solutions that come in contact with flowing CO2.By a study performed to understand the strength and pressure tolerance of glass chips, it has been found that the fracture is not only determined by the applied pressure, but also on time and environment.
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