| 1. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
‘Growth with equity’ and regional development : distributional consequences of agglomeration in Taiwan
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. - : Routledge. - 1354-7860 .- 1469-9648. ; 20:2, s. 271-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates long-term distributional effects of regional agglomeration. We analyse changes in relative incomes for different educational and occupational categories in Taiwan from 1976 to 2006, a period during which the country underwent fundamental structural change from labour-intensive to knowledge-intensive industry and increasing globalisation of the economy. Long-term patterns derived from repeated estimations of cross-sectional micro-level data from 31 consecutive annual household surveys show that less-educated groups are not systematic losers of the transformation as positive externalities of agglomeration are both significant and widespread in the leading region. The famous pattern of ‘growth with equity’ in Taiwan has, however, become a regional rather than a national feature.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
The opening of the North-South divide: Cumulative causation, household income disparity and the regional bonus in Taiwan 1976-2005
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-349X .- 1873-6017. ; 23:2, s. 170-179
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the last decades regional income divergence seems to have reappeared in both developed and developing countries. In Taiwan – a renowned case of growth with equity – regional per capita income was converging until the early 1990s after which it began to diverge. With the help of modeled annual household survey data from 1976 to 2005 we indicate the magnitude of a regional bonus and discuss reasons behind the re-opening of the North-South income divide in Taiwan. Our analysis suggests that this process is a consequence of cumulative causation connected to the advent of the rise of ICT industry in conjunction with changes in Taiwan’s political economy which provided relatively more advantageous economic opportunities for the industrial structure of the leading region.
|
|
| 3. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Migration and health : A study of effects of early life experiences and current socio-economic situation on mortality of immigrants in Sweden
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Ethnicity and Health. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1355-7858 .- 1465-3419. ; 16:6, s. 601-623
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Previous research has demonstrated mortality differences between immigrants and natives living in Sweden. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of early life conditions in the country of birth and current socio-economic conditions in adult life in Sweden on cardiovascular, cancer, all other cause and total mortality among immigrants and natives in Sweden.Design. The cohort data concerning individual demographic characteristics and socio-economic conditions stems from the Swedish Longitudinal Immigrant Database (SLI), a register-based representative database, and consists of individuals from 11 countries of birth, born between 1921 and 1939, who were residents in Sweden between 1980 and 2001. The associations between current socio-economic conditions as well as infant mortality rates (IMR) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the year and country of birth, and total, cardiovascular, cancer and ‘all other’ mortality in 1980–2001 were calculated by survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard rate ratios.Results. The effects of current adult life socio-economic conditions in Sweden on mortality are both stronger and more straightforward than the effects of early life conditions in the sense that higher socio-economic status is significantly associated with lower mortality in all groups of diagnoses; however, we find associations between infant mortality rates (IMR) in the year and country of birth, and cancer mortality among men and women in the final model.Conclusions. Socioeconomic conditions in Sweden are more strongly associated with mortality than early life indicators IMR and GDP per capita in the year of birth in the country of origin. This finding has health policy and other policy implications.
|
|
| 4. |
- Holmquist, Carin, et al.
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurial dynamics in the third age – a study of trajectories for start-ups by two cohorts of entrepreneurs/self-employed aged 55 and 60
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Handbook of research on entrepreneurship and aging. - : Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.. - 9781788116206 - 9781788116213 ; , s. 143-168
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dynamics of entrepreneurs starting, driving and leaving firms is interesting, with a large turnover of firms and of entrepreneurs. Such dynamics can also be linked to the life course dynamics of individual entrepreneurs. Surprisingly few have studied the dynamics within age groups 55+. This chapter addresses this gap as we explore entry, survival and exit patterns of two groups: All Swedish 55-year-olds and 60-year-olds who started firms in 2004. We follow these entrepreneurs over six years to analyze changes in their relation to the labor market. We find three general change patterns: Stay as firm owners, go to an employment or leave the labor market (retirement etc.). The findings show quite a dynamic pattern and challenge many beliefs about entrepreneurship and about the elderly on the labor market and as self-employed.
|
|
| 5. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, et al.
(författare)
-
Entrepreneurial response to changing opportunity structures : Self-selection and incomes among new immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 25:5, s. 859-879
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse how the introduction of a liberalised regime for labour immigration in Sweden affected the self-selection of new immigrant entrepreneurs and to what extent the changes in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants was due to self-selection or to a changing business environment.Design/methodology/approachBased on rich microdata from Swedish administrative registers, this paper investigates how incomes changed during the years before and after the migration policy reform. By decomposing the income differential of new immigrant entrepreneurs arriving before and after the reform, this study estimates the contribution of a changed composition of migrants to the changing entrepreneurial income.FindingsEntrepreneurial income among self-employed new immigrants improved after the reform, narrowing the immigrant–native income gap, while among employees, the income gap remained during the whole period of the study. Out of the total 10.9 per cent increase in log income, the authors find that 2.7 per cent was due to selectivity, i.e., changing characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs. The remaining 8.2 per cent was due to increased returns to characteristics, i.e., the characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs were better rewarded in the markets in the latter period. Hence, increases in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants were due both to self-selection and changes in the business environment.Practical implicationsThe authors find that the migration policy reform had the effect of attracting successful immigrant entrepreneurs. Hence, the findings have implications for migration policy as well as for growth and employment policy.Originality/valueThis paper reveals a positive trend regarding income from the entrepreneurship of new immigrants after the liberalisation of labour immigration policy in Sweden. Theoretically and methodologically, the authors combine self-selection theory and the mixed-embeddedness perspective in a novel way, using rich data and a quantitative approach.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, 1978-
(författare)
-
Immigrant entrepreneurs in a changing institutional context : a mixed embeddedness approach
- 2019
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immigrant entrepreneurs are known to be heterogeneous in terms of available resources and entrepreneurial outcomes. However, this heterogeneity, as well as immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness in social networks and the institutional context of high-income welfare states such as Sweden, remains understudied. Sweden represents an interesting case as a popular immigration destination which liberalized its migration policy for entrepreneurs and changed other regulations, encouraging immigrant entrepreneurship after 2008.Theoretically, the dissertation contributes to the mixed embeddedness approach to immigrant entrepreneurship by considering three stages of the entrepreneurial process – entry, performance, and potential exit – in a changing institutional environment.Methodologically, the dissertation operationalizes the mixed embeddedness approach by studying these three stages – entry (propensity to start a business), performance (entrepreneurial incomes), and potential exit (duration in business) – among different categories of immigrants. Explanatory factors are drawn from three levels of analysis: institutional change (macro), social, ethnic and family networks (meso), and the individual’s human capital (micro). A range of statistical tools is used for empirical analyses: Difference-in-difference methods in combination with Coarsened Exact Matching and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition are used to investigate the influence of institutional change on entrepreneurial entry and performance. Survival models based on Cox regression are applied to investigate the influence of social and family ties on the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit. A combination of clustering and association analysis allows heterogeneity to be approached via the categorization of immigrant entrepreneurs.Empirically, based on rich data from Swedish registers, the dissertation reveals that the propensity to start businesses in expanding ICT industries among labour immigrants was increased, and performance in terms of income among new immigrant entrepreneurs was improved after institutional change, compared to earlier. It also stresses that family networks mitigate a lack of other resources for refugee entrepreneurs, allowing them to stay in business longer. Two main categories of new immigrant entrepreneurs were distinguished in the overall heterogeneous population.The dissertation consists of four papers and an introductory chapter.
|
|
| 7. |
- Klinthäll, Martin
(författare)
-
Ethnic background, labor market attachment and severe morbidity: Hospitalization among immigrants in Sweden 1990-2001
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Migration and Integration. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-6365 .- 1488-3473. ; 9:1, s. 45-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines differences in health among immigrants in Sweden from 1990 to 2001. Controlling for demographic characteristics, most immigrant groups display higher rates of hospitalisation than native Swedes, but when socio-economic factors are introduced, only Nordic immigrants display rates that are significantly higher than for Swedish-born individuals. High rates of hospitalisation among immigrants compared to Swedes seem to be explained by the socio-economic situation in Sweden rather than health conditions and socio-economic circumstances before immigration. There is a strong correlation between weak labour market integration and high levels of severe morbidity in non-Nordic immigrant groups.
|
|
| 8. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
-
Etnisk bakgrund, integration och sjuklighet : Slutenvård bland invandrare i Sverige 1990–2001
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Working Papers in Social Insurance. - Stockholm : Försäkringskassan. - 1653-1353. ; :1, s. 1-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent differences in health between groups of different origin remain after considering differences in education, income and labor market status, and whether there exists any patterns according to the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Design: The study is based on two data sources; Longitudinal Database for Education, Income and Employment, (LOUISE) and the Hospital Discharge Register (HDR). The data set consists of all Swedish and foreign born individuals born in 1945, 1955 and 1965, who were Swedish residents in 1990. The risk of hospitalization is analyzed for the period 1990–2001 using binomial logit regression. Results: When only demographic characteristics are controlled for, most immigrant groups display higher rates of hospital discharge records than native Swedes, but when education, income and labor market status is introduced into the model, only Nordic immigrants display levels of severe morbidity that are significantly higher than the levels for Swedish born. Among welfare recipients, only immigrants from Finland display higher levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes; most immigrant groups display significantly lower levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes. The analysis shows no evidence of a systematic relationship between health status and the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Conclusion: Higher levels of severe morbidity among immigrants compared to Swedes seem to be explained by the socioeconomic situation in Sweden, rather than health conditions and socioeconomic circumstances before immigration. There is a strong correlation between a weak labor market integration and high levels of severe morbidity in non-Nordic immigrant groups.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
