| 1. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Migration and health : A study of effects of early life experiences and current socio-economic situation on mortality of immigrants in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Ethnicity and Health. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1355-7858 .- 1465-3419. ; 16:6, s. 601-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. Previous research has demonstrated mortality differences between immigrants and natives living in Sweden. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of early life conditions in the country of birth and current socio-economic conditions in adult life in Sweden on cardiovascular, cancer, all other cause and total mortality among immigrants and natives in Sweden.Design. The cohort data concerning individual demographic characteristics and socio-economic conditions stems from the Swedish Longitudinal Immigrant Database (SLI), a register-based representative database, and consists of individuals from 11 countries of birth, born between 1921 and 1939, who were residents in Sweden between 1980 and 2001. The associations between current socio-economic conditions as well as infant mortality rates (IMR) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the year and country of birth, and total, cardiovascular, cancer and ‘all other’ mortality in 1980–2001 were calculated by survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard rate ratios.Results. The effects of current adult life socio-economic conditions in Sweden on mortality are both stronger and more straightforward than the effects of early life conditions in the sense that higher socio-economic status is significantly associated with lower mortality in all groups of diagnoses; however, we find associations between infant mortality rates (IMR) in the year and country of birth, and cancer mortality among men and women in the final model.Conclusions. Socioeconomic conditions in Sweden are more strongly associated with mortality than early life indicators IMR and GDP per capita in the year of birth in the country of origin. This finding has health policy and other policy implications.
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| 2. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial response to changing opportunity structures : Self-selection and incomes among new immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1355-2554 .- 1758-6534. ; 25:5, s. 859-879
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse how the introduction of a liberalised regime for labour immigration in Sweden affected the self-selection of new immigrant entrepreneurs and to what extent the changes in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants was due to self-selection or to a changing business environment.Design/methodology/approachBased on rich microdata from Swedish administrative registers, this paper investigates how incomes changed during the years before and after the migration policy reform. By decomposing the income differential of new immigrant entrepreneurs arriving before and after the reform, this study estimates the contribution of a changed composition of migrants to the changing entrepreneurial income.FindingsEntrepreneurial income among self-employed new immigrants improved after the reform, narrowing the immigrant–native income gap, while among employees, the income gap remained during the whole period of the study. Out of the total 10.9 per cent increase in log income, the authors find that 2.7 per cent was due to selectivity, i.e., changing characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs. The remaining 8.2 per cent was due to increased returns to characteristics, i.e., the characteristics of new immigrant entrepreneurs were better rewarded in the markets in the latter period. Hence, increases in entrepreneurial income among new immigrants were due both to self-selection and changes in the business environment.Practical implicationsThe authors find that the migration policy reform had the effect of attracting successful immigrant entrepreneurs. Hence, the findings have implications for migration policy as well as for growth and employment policy.Originality/valueThis paper reveals a positive trend regarding income from the entrepreneurship of new immigrants after the liberalisation of labour immigration policy in Sweden. Theoretically and methodologically, the authors combine self-selection theory and the mixed-embeddedness perspective in a novel way, using rich data and a quantitative approach.
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| 3. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, 1978-
(författare)
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Immigrant entrepreneurs in a changing institutional context : a mixed embeddedness approach
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immigrant entrepreneurs are known to be heterogeneous in terms of available resources and entrepreneurial outcomes. However, this heterogeneity, as well as immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness in social networks and the institutional context of high-income welfare states such as Sweden, remains understudied. Sweden represents an interesting case as a popular immigration destination which liberalized its migration policy for entrepreneurs and changed other regulations, encouraging immigrant entrepreneurship after 2008.Theoretically, the dissertation contributes to the mixed embeddedness approach to immigrant entrepreneurship by considering three stages of the entrepreneurial process – entry, performance, and potential exit – in a changing institutional environment.Methodologically, the dissertation operationalizes the mixed embeddedness approach by studying these three stages – entry (propensity to start a business), performance (entrepreneurial incomes), and potential exit (duration in business) – among different categories of immigrants. Explanatory factors are drawn from three levels of analysis: institutional change (macro), social, ethnic and family networks (meso), and the individual’s human capital (micro). A range of statistical tools is used for empirical analyses: Difference-in-difference methods in combination with Coarsened Exact Matching and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition are used to investigate the influence of institutional change on entrepreneurial entry and performance. Survival models based on Cox regression are applied to investigate the influence of social and family ties on the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit. A combination of clustering and association analysis allows heterogeneity to be approached via the categorization of immigrant entrepreneurs.Empirically, based on rich data from Swedish registers, the dissertation reveals that the propensity to start businesses in expanding ICT industries among labour immigrants was increased, and performance in terms of income among new immigrant entrepreneurs was improved after institutional change, compared to earlier. It also stresses that family networks mitigate a lack of other resources for refugee entrepreneurs, allowing them to stay in business longer. Two main categories of new immigrant entrepreneurs were distinguished in the overall heterogeneous population.The dissertation consists of four papers and an introductory chapter.
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| 4. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Etnisk bakgrund, integration och sjuklighet : Slutenvård bland invandrare i Sverige 1990–2001
- 2007
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Ingår i: Working Papers in Social Insurance. - Stockholm : Försäkringskassan. - 1653-1353. ; :1, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze to what extent differences in health between groups of different origin remain after considering differences in education, income and labor market status, and whether there exists any patterns according to the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Design: The study is based on two data sources; Longitudinal Database for Education, Income and Employment, (LOUISE) and the Hospital Discharge Register (HDR). The data set consists of all Swedish and foreign born individuals born in 1945, 1955 and 1965, who were Swedish residents in 1990. The risk of hospitalization is analyzed for the period 1990–2001 using binomial logit regression. Results: When only demographic characteristics are controlled for, most immigrant groups display higher rates of hospital discharge records than native Swedes, but when education, income and labor market status is introduced into the model, only Nordic immigrants display levels of severe morbidity that are significantly higher than the levels for Swedish born. Among welfare recipients, only immigrants from Finland display higher levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes; most immigrant groups display significantly lower levels of severe morbidity than native Swedes. The analysis shows no evidence of a systematic relationship between health status and the socioeconomic character of the country of origin. Conclusion: Higher levels of severe morbidity among immigrants compared to Swedes seem to be explained by the socioeconomic situation in Sweden, rather than health conditions and socioeconomic circumstances before immigration. There is a strong correlation between a weak labor market integration and high levels of severe morbidity in non-Nordic immigrant groups.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Företagande bland personer med utländsk bakgrund i Linköpings kommun
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport är en uppdatering av en rapport som skrevs för ett år sedan på uppdrag av Norrköpings och Linköpings kommuner. Förra årets rapport var en kartläggning av företagande bland personer med utländsk bakgrund i de två kommunerna under år 2004. Efter presentation av rapporten ville man från Linköpings kommuns sida få en uppföljning eftersom data för år 2006 nu var tillgängliga för analys. Uppdraget var att fokusera på den specifika situationen i Linköpings kommun, snarare än en översikt över situationen i de två kommunerna. Kartläggningen ska ge en bild över den specifika situationen för företagare med utländsk bakgrund, att tjäna som underlag för Linköpings kommun i deras arbete för främjande av företagande i kommunen, samt att fungera som ett diskussionsmaterial för vidare forskning kring invandrarföretagandets lokala och regionala struktur. Rapporten är även tänkt att fungera som ett bakgrundsmaterial till en fördjupad undersökning kring hur företagare med utländsk bakgrund ingår i och anväder olika typer av nätverk. Uppdraget för rapporten är att dels kartlägga vilken typ av företag som drivs av invandrare och personer med utländsk bakgrund i kommunen och dels att beskriva företagarnas bakgrundskarakteristika. Kartläggningen gäller uppgifter från 2006, vilket är det senaste år för vilket data finns tillgängliga.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Integration bidrar till hälsa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Välfärd. - Stockholm : Statistiska Centralbyrån. - 1651-6710. ; :4, s. 12-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De flesta invandrargrupper i Sverige har en större sannolikhet än infödda svenskar att bli inskrivna för vård på sjukhus. En närmare analys visar att detta kan förklaras med skillnader i gruppernas socioekonomiska situation. En svag anknytning till den svenska arbetsmarknaden är förknippad med en högre risk för ohälsa som i sin tur leder till sjukhusvård.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Kartläggning av företagande bland personer med utländsk bakgrund i Sverige
- 2010
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Ingår i: Möjligheternas marknad. - Stockholm : Tillväxtverket. - 9789186341527 ; , s. 107-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Företag som drivs av personer med utländsk bakgrund har en viktig roll i det svenska näringslivet. De sysselsätter i dag omkring 200 000 människor.2008 fick Tillväxtverket i uppdrag av regeringen att ta fram och ansvara för ett nationellt program med fokus på företagare med utländsk bakgrund. Programmets övergripande mål är att främja den tillväxtpotential som finns hos den här kategorin företagare. Ett av programmets mål är att öka kunskapen om företagare med utländsk bakgrund. Som en del i kunskapsmålet har man publicerat antologin ”Möjligheternas marknad”.Under denna föreläsning får vi lyssna till fyra av författarna, och deras olika infallsvinklar på temat. Det blir också diskussionsstund med kommentarer från en praktiker/företagare.
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