| 1. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 2. |
- Amara, Umme, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Intercommunication between the Complement and Coagulation Systems
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 185:9, s. 5628-5636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system as well as the coagulation system has fundamental clinical implications in the context of life-threatening tissue injury and inflammation. Associations between both cascades have been proposed, but the precise molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The current study reports multiple links for various factors of the coagulation and fibrinolysis cascades with the central complement components C3 and C5 in vitro and ex vivo. Thrombin, human coagulation factors (F) XIa, Xa, and IXa, and plasmin were all found to effectively cleave C3 and C5. Mass spectrometric analyses identified the cleavage products as C3a and C5a, displaying identical molecular weights as the native anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Cleavage products also exhibited robust chemoattraction of human mast cells and neutrophils, respectively. Enzymatic activity for C3 cleavage by the investigated clotting and fibrinolysis factors is defined in the following order: FXa > plasmin > thrombin > FIXa > FXIa > control. Furthermore, FXa-induced cleavage of C3 was significantly suppressed in the presence of the selective FXa inhibitors fondaparinux and enoxaparin in a concentration-dependent manner. Addition of FXa to human serum or plasma activated complement ex vivo, represented by the generation of C3a, C5a, and the terminal complement complex, and decreased complement hemolytic serum activity that defines exact serum concentration that results in complement-mediated lysis of 50% of sensitized sheep erythrocytes. Furthermore, in plasma from patients with multiple injuries (n = 12), a very early appearance and correlation of coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin complexes) and the complement activation product C5a was found. The present data suggest that coagulation/fibrinolysis proteases may act as natural C3 and C5 convertases, generating biologically active anaphylatoxins, linking both cascades via multiple direct interactions in terms of a complex serine protease system. The Journal of Immunology, 2010, 185: 5628-5636.
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| 3. |
- Brunotte, Wasja, et al.
(författare)
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Welcome to the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Explainable Systems (RE4ES)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. ; 2021-September, s. 157-158
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welcome to the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Explainable Systems (RE4ES), where we aim to advance requirements engineering (RE) for explainable systems, foster interdisciplinary exchange, and build a community. On the one hand, we believe that the methods and techniques of the RE community can add much value to explainability research. On the other hand, we have to ensure that we develop techniques fitted to the needs of other communities.This first workshop explores synergies between the RE community and other communities already researching explainability.To this end, we have based our agenda on a mix of paper presentations from authors of different domains, one keynote from industry and one from research, as well as interactive activities to stimulate lively discussions.
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| 4. |
- Johswich, Kay, et al.
(författare)
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Ligand specificity of the anaphylatoxin C5L2 receptor and its regulation on myeloid and epithelial cell lines
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 281:51, s. 39088-39095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During complement activation the pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are generated, which interact with the C3a receptor and C5a receptor (CD88), respectively. C5a and its degradation product C5a-des-Arg(74) also bind to the C5a receptor-like 2 (C5L2). C3a and C3a-des-Arg(77), also called acylation-stimulating protein, augment triglyceride synthesis and glucose uptake in adipocytes and skin fibroblasts. Based on data obtained using transfected HEK293 and RBL cells, C5L2 is additionally proposed as a functional receptor for C3a and C3a-des-Arg(77). Here we use (125)I-ligand binding assays and flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled ligands to demonstrate that neither C3a nor C3a-des-Arg(77) binds to C5L2. C5L2 expression and its regulation are investigated on various cell lines by a novel C5L2-restricted binding assay and quantitative real time PCR. Dibutyryl cAMP and interferon-gamma induce up-regulation of this receptor on myeloblastic cell lines (U937 and HL-60), whereas tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has no effect. In contrast, epithelial HeLa cells are found to constitutively express C5L2 but not the C5a receptor. In HeLa cells, interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha drastically reduce C5L2 expression. No C5a-dependent Ca(2+) signaling is observed even in these cells endogenously expressing C5L2. Taken together, C5L2 is not a receptor for C3a or C3a-des-Arg(77). Thus, this receptor is unlikely to be directly involved in lipid metabolism. Instead, the identification of stimuli modifying C5L2 expression indicates that C5L2 is a highly regulated scavenger receptor for C5a and C5a-des-Arg(74).
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