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- Knieps, Melanie, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Back to the Future: Asking About Mental Images to Discriminate Between True and False Intentions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-3980 .- 1940-1019. ; 147:6, s. 619-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we asked participants to mentally travel back to the future. The participants were asked to remember and report on a mental image of the near future. We predicted that participants who, during an interview, told the truth about their intentions would differ in their descriptions of their mental images compared to participants who lied about their future intentions. We found partial support for this overarching assumption. More specifically, we found that more truth tellers than liars reported to have had a mental image activated during the planning of their intentions. We also showed that liars (vs. truth tellers) found the question on the mental image more difficult to answer. However, they did not differ in other aspects (number of words and amount of details reported, and subjective perception of the mental image activated). The suspects were interviewed twice, with an interval of one week, and in line with our prediction we found that liars' (vs. truth tellers') reports were less consistent over time. This study departures from episodic future thought and aims to contribute to the development of a scientifically based interview protocol for discriminating between true and false intentions.
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- Knieps, Melanie, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Been there before? Examining "familiarity" as a moderator for discriminating between true and false intentions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prospection is thinking about possible future states of the world. Commitment to perform a future action-commonly referred to as intention-is a specific type of prospection. This knowledge is relevant when trying to assess whether a stated intention is a lie or the truth. An important observation is that thinking of, and committing to, future actions often evoke vivid and detailed mental images. One factor that affects how specific a person experiences these simulations is location-familiarity. The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent location-familiarity moderates how liars and truth tellers describe a mental image in an investigative interview. Liars were instructed to plan a criminal act and truth tellers were instructed to plan a non-criminal act. Before they could carry out these acts, the participants were intercepted and interviewed about the mental images they may have had experienced in this planning phase. Truth tellers told the truth whereas liars used a cover story to mask their criminal intentions. As predicted, the results showed that the truth tellers reported a mental image significantly more often than the liars. If a mental image was reported, the content of the descriptions did not differ between liars and truth tellers. In a post interview questionnaire, the participants rated the vividness (i.e., content and clarity) of their mental images. The ratings revealed that the truth tellers had experienced their mental images more vividly during the planning phase than the liars. In conclusion, this study indicates that both prototypical and specific representations play a role in prospection. Although location-familiarity did not moderate how liars and truth tellers describe their mental images of the future, this study allows some interesting insights into human future thinking. How these findings can be helpful for distinguishing between true and false intentions will be discussed.
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- Knieps, Melanie, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated Visits to the Future: Asking about Mental images to Discriminate between True and False Intentions
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Advances in Psychology. - 2169-494X .- 2169-4958. ; 2:2, s. 93-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study participants were interviewed on two occasions about a mental image of a future action. It was predicted that during an investigative interview, participants who told the truth would be more forthcoming when reporting a mental image of their future actions (such as using more words and details) compared to participants who lied about their future actions. We found that truth tellers more than liars reported to have had a mental image activated during the planning of their future actions. In addition, truth tellers used more words to describe their mental images than liars. However, no difference was found between liars and truth tellers regarding the type of details they used to describe their mental images. The subjective ratings ‐ truthfully answered by all participants ‐ revealed that truth tellers perceived their mental image as significantly clearer than liars. The results indicated that repeated interviews conducted on the same day are unlikely to elicit more cues to deception compared to a single interview. Future research should refine methods to more accurately pinpoint how liars and truth tellers differ in the type of details they use when describing a mental image of a claimed future intention.
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- Sooniste, Tuule, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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True and false intentions: asking about the past to detect lies about the future
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychology Crime & Law. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1068-316X .- 1477-2744. ; 19:8, s. 673-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is on how to discriminate between true and false intentions, an emerging area within psycholegal research. We argue that asking about the past (the planning phase) might be a promising way to detect lies about the future (intentions). That is, participants who had developed false intentions to mask their criminal intentions were assumed to provide equally long and detailed answers to questions about intentions, compared to participants who told the truth about their intentions. In contrast, we predicted that lying participants would be worse at answering questions about the planning of their stated (false) intentions, compared to participants telling the truth about the planning of their stated (true) intentions. To test our assumptions, we used a newly devised experimental set-up accommodating the main characteristics of intent. Both lying and truth-telling suspects perceived the questions on planning as more unanticipated, and more difficult to answer, compared to the questions about their intentions (future actions). Furthermore, in support of our predictions we found that the truth-telling (vs. lying) suspects' answers to questions on planning were longer and perceived as more detailed and clear, whereas liars' and truth-tellers' answers to questions on intentions were equally long and perceived as equally detailed.
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