| 1. |
- Dramburg, S, et al.
(författare)
-
EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 1399-3038. ; 3434 Suppl 28, s. e13854-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 2. |
- van Ree, R, et al.
(författare)
-
The CREATE project: development of certified reference materials for allergenic products and validation of methods for their quantification.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 63:3, s. 310-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allergen extracts have been used for diagnosis and treatment of allergy for around 100 years. During the second half of 20th century, the notion increasingly gained foothold that accurate standardization of such extracts is of great importance for improvement of their quality. As a consequence, manufacturers have implemented extensive protocols for standardization and quality control. These protocols have overall IgE-binding potencies as their focus. Unfortunately, each company is using their own in-house reference materials and their own unique units to express potencies. This does not facilitate comparison of different products. During the last decades, most major allergens of relevant allergen sources have been identified and it has been established that effective immunotherapy requires certain minimum quantities of these allergens to be present in the administered maintenance dose. Therefore, the idea developed to introduce major allergens measurements into standardization protocols. Such protocols based on mass units of major allergen, quantify the active ingredients of the treatment and will at the same time allow comparison of competitor products. In 2001, an EU funded project, the CREATE project, was started to support introduction of major allergen based standardization. The aim of the project was to evaluate the use of recombinant allergens as reference materials and of ELISA assays for major allergen measurements. This paper gives an overview of the achievements of the CREATE project.
|
|
| 3. |
- Tjernström, Michael, et al.
(författare)
-
The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) : overview and experimental design
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 14:6, s. 2823-2869
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions contribute to a poor understanding of the present changes in the Arctic climate system, and also to a large spread in projections of future climate in the Arctic. The problem is exacerbated by the paucity of research-quality observations in the central Arctic. Improved formulations in climate models require such observations, which can only come from measurements in situ in this difficult-to-reach region with logistically demanding environmental conditions. The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) was the most extensive central Arctic Ocean expedition with an atmospheric focus during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008. ASCOS focused on the study of the formation and life cycle of low-level Arctic clouds. ASCOS departed from Longyearbyen on Svalbard on 2 August and returned on 9 September 2008. In transit into and out of the pack ice, four short research stations were undertaken in the Fram Strait: two in open water and two in the marginal ice zone. After traversing the pack ice northward, an ice camp was set up on 12 August at 87 degrees 21' N, 01 degrees 29' W and remained in operation through 1 September, drifting with the ice. During this time, extensive measurements were taken of atmospheric gas and particle chemistry and physics, mesoscale and boundary-layer meteorology, marine biology and chemistry, and upper ocean physics. ASCOS provides a unique interdisciplinary data set for development and testing of new hypotheses on cloud processes, their interactions with the sea ice and ocean and associated physical, chemical, and biological processes and interactions. For example, the first-ever quantitative observation of bubbles in Arctic leads, combined with the unique discovery of marine organic material, polymer gels with an origin in the ocean, inside cloud droplets suggests the possibility of primary marine organically derived cloud condensation nuclei in Arctic stratocumulus clouds. Direct observations of surface fluxes of aerosols could, however, not explain observed variability in aerosol concentrations, and the balance between local and remote aerosols sources remains open. Lack of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) was at times a controlling factor in low-level cloud formation, and hence for the impact of clouds on the surface energy budget. ASCOS provided detailed measurements of the surface energy balance from late summer melt into the initial autumn freeze-up, and documented the effects of clouds and storms on the surface energy balance during this transition. In addition to such process-level studies, the unique, independent ASCOS data set can and is being used for validation of satellite retrievals, operational models, and reanalysis data sets.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Olli, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
-
The fate of production in the central Arctic ocean - top-down regulation by zooplankton expatriates?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Progress in Oceanography. - : Elsevier BV. - 0079-6611 .- 1873-4472. ; 72:1, s. 84-113
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimated primary and bacterial production, mineral nutrients, suspended chlorophyll a (Chl), particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), abundance of planktonic organisms, mesozooplankton fecal pellet production, and the vertical flux of organic particles of the central Arctic Ocean (Amundsen basin, 89 88° N) during a 3 week quasi-Lagrangian ice drift experiment at the peak of the productive season (August 2001). A visual estimate of ≈15% ice-free surface, plus numerous melt ponds on ice sheets, supported a planktonic particulate primary production of 50 150 mg C m‑2 d‑1 (mean 93 mg C m‑2 d‑1, n = 7), mostly confined to the upper 10 m of the nutrient replete water column. The surface mixed layer was separated from the rest of the water column by a strong halocline at 20 m depth. Phototrophic biomass was low, generally 0.03 0.3 mg Chl m‑3 in the upper 20 m and <0.02 mg Chl m‑3 below, dominated by various flagellates, dinoflagellates and diatoms. Bacterial abundance (typically 3.7 5.3 × 105, mean 4.1 × 105 cells ml‑1 in the upper 20 m and 1.3 3.7 × 105, mean 1.9 × 105 cells ml‑1 below) and Chl concentrations were closely correlated (r = 0.75). Mineral nutrients (3 μmol NO3 l‑1, 0.45 μmol PO4 l‑1, 4 5 μmol SiO4 l‑1) were probably not limiting the primary production in the upper layer. Suspended POC concentration was ˜30 105 (mean 53) mg C m‑3 and PON ˜5.4 14.9 (mean 8.2) mg N m‑3 with no clear vertical trend. The vertical flux of POC in the upper 30 100 m water column was ˜37 92 (mean 55) mg C m‑2 d‑1 without clear decrease with depth, and was quite similar at the six investigated stations. The mesozooplankton biomass (≈2 g DW m‑2, mostly in the upper 50 m water column) was dominated by adult females of the large calanoid copepods Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus glacialis (≈1.6 g DW m‑2). The grazing of these copepods (estimated via fecal pellet production rates) was ≈15 mg C m‑2 d‑1, being on the order of 3% and 20% of the expected food-saturated ingestion rates of C. hyperboreus and C. glacialis, respectively. The stage structure of these copepods, dominated by adult females, and their unsatisfied grazing capacity during peak productive period suggest allochthonous origin of these species from productive shelf areas, supported by their long life span and the prevailing surface currents in the Arctic Ocean. We propose that the grazing capacity of the expatriated mesozooplankton population would match the potential seasonal increase of primary production in the future decreased ice perspective, diminishing the likelihood of algal blooms.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Matrai, P.A., et al.
(författare)
-
Are high Arctic surface microlayers a potential source of aerosol organic precursors?
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203 .- 1872-7581. ; 108:1-2, s. 109-122
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particulate organic matter, including microorganisms, small water-insoluble particles and microaggregates, can form a substantial part of the summer aerosol over the open leads of the central Arctic Ocean. The increased presence of leads during the summer melt increases the biological activity of the region possibly resulting in accumulation of organic material, especially in the surface microlayer. Preferential microlayer enrichment of particulate and dissolved organic matter and gases might be reflected in derived aerosols. The subsurface seawater and microlayer concentrations were determined for dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and its biogenic precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA) and individual aminoacids, proteins, chlorophyll a (chl a) and bacterial cells as well as bacterial production. Enrichment factors and surface excess concentrations in the surface microlayer were calculated. Concentrations of particulate and dissolved DMSP, chl a-containing material, and bacterial cells were consistently enriched in arctic lead microlayers at 89°N in August 2001. DMS, protein and DCAA concentrations, however, were not in excess in surface microlayers, although proteins were occasionally enriched. The average mole % DCAA composition was similar in subsurface and microlayer water. Enrichment spikes and excess concentrations followed freezing events and did not co-occur with enhanced bacterial production.
|
|
| 8. |
- Södergren, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Transport of organochlorine residues after incineration to air, water, microlayer, and organisms
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 21:1, s. 18-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory system designed to study the distribution of airborne emissions originating from sources such as incineration, the fates of PICs (products of incomplete combustion) of trichloroethylene and PCBs were followed. The airborne substances introduced over a body of water were deposited onto the surface of the water and became enriched in the surface microlayer. They were taken up by organisms in the subsurface water, resulting in an accumulation of PICs and PCBs by fish in amounts up to 103–106 times those measured in the water. A relationship existed between the concentrations of the organochlorine residues in the air and those in the microlayer and water.
|
|
