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- Navarro-Alvarez, Nalu, et al.
(författare)
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Intramuscular transplantation of engineered hepatic tissue constructs corrects acute and chronic liver failure in mice
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 52:2, s. 211-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & Aims: Transplantation of isolated hepatocytes holds great promise as ail alternative to whole organ liver transplantation. For treatment of liver failure, access to the portal circulation has significant risks and intrahepatic hepatocyte engraftment is poor. In advanced cirrhosis, transplantation into ail extrahepatic site is necessary and intrasplenic engraftment is short-lived. Strategies that allow repeated extrahepatic infusion of hepatocytes Could improve the efficacy and safety of hepatocyte transplantation for the treatment of liver failure. Methods: A non-immunogenic self-assembling peptide nanofiber (SAPNF) was developed as a three-dimensional scaffold and combined with growth factors derived from a conditionally immortalized human hepatocyte cell line to engineer a hepatic tissue graft that Would allow hepatocyte engraftment outside the liver. Results:The hepatic tissue Constructs maintained hepatocyte-specific gene expression and functionality in vitro. When transplanted into skeletal muscle as ail extrahepatic site for engraftment, the engineered hepatic grafts provided life-saving support in models of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver failure that recapitulates these clinical diseases. Conclusions: SAPNF-engineered hepatic Constructs engrafted and functioned as hepatic tissues within the muscle to provide life-sustaining liver Support. These engineered tissue Constructs contained no animal products that Would limit their development as a therapeutic approach.
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| 2. |
- Aharonian, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Hitomi X-ray studies of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar
- 2018
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0004-6264 .- 2053-051X. ; 70:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To search for giant X-ray pulses correlated with the giant radio pulses (GRPs) from the Crab pulsar, we performed a simultaneous observation of the Crab pulsar with the X-ray satellite Hitomi in the 2-300 keV band and the Kashima NICT radio telescope in the 1.4-1.7 GHz band with a net exposure of about 2 ks on 2016 March 25, just before the loss of the Hitomi mission. The timing performance of the Hitomi instruments was confirmed to meet the timing requirement and about 1000 and 100 GRPs were simultaneously observed at the main pulse and inter-pulse phases, respectively, and we found no apparent correlation between the giant radio pulses and the X-ray emission in either the main pulse or inter-pulse phase. All variations are within the 2 sigma fluctuations of the X-ray fluxes at the pulse peaks, and the 3 sigma upper limits of variations of main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs are 22% or 80% of the peak flux in a 0.20 phase width, respectively, in the 2-300 keV band. The values for main pulse or inter-pulse GRPs become 25% or 110%, respectively, when the phase width is restricted to the 0.03 phase. Among the upper limits from the Hitomi satellite, those in the 4.5-10 keV and 70-300 keV bands are obtained for the first time, and those in other bands are consistent with previous reports. Numerically, the upper limits of the main pulse and inter-pulse GRPs in the 0.20 phase width are about (2.4 and 9.3) x 10(-11) erg cm(-2), respectively. No significant variability in pulse profiles implies that the GRPs originated from a local place within the magneto-sphere. Although the number of photon-emitting particles should temporarily increase to account for the brightening of the radio emission, the results do not statistically rule out variations correlated with the GRPs, because the possible X-ray enhancement may appear due to a > 0.02% brightening of the pulse-peak flux under such conditions.
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| 5. |
- Kobayashi, Takahiro, et al.
(författare)
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Revealing the Hidden Spin-Polarized Bands in a Superconducting Tl Bilayer Crystal
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 23:16, s. 7675-7682
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interplay of spin-orbit coupling and crystal symmetry can generate spin-polarized bands in materials only a few atomic layers thick, potentially leading to unprecedented physical properties. In the case of bilayer materials with global inversion symmetry, locally broken inversion symmetry can generate degenerate spin-polarized bands, in which the spins in each layer are oppositely polarized. Here, we demonstrate that the hidden spins in a Tl bilayer crystal are revealed by growing it on Ag(111) of sizable lattice mismatch, together with the appearance of a remarkable phenomenon unique to centrosymmetric hidden-spin bilayer crystals: a novel band splitting in both spin and space. The key to success in observing this novel splitting is that the interaction at the interface has just the right strength: it does not destroy the original wave functions of the Tl bilayer but is strong enough to induce an energy separation.
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| 8. |
- Matsuda, Satoru, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of endoscopic response using deep neural network in esophageal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of Surgical Oncology. - : Springer Nature. - 1068-9265 .- 1534-4681. ; 30:6, s. 3733-3742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We previously reported that endoscopic response evaluation can preoperatively predict the prognosis and distribution of residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). In this study, we developed artificial intelligence (AI)-guided endoscopic response evaluation using a deep neural network to discriminate endoscopic responders (ERs) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after NAC.Method: Surgically resectable ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy following NAC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Endoscopic images of the tumors were analyzed using a deep neural network. The model was validated with a test data set using 10 newly collected ERs and 10 newly collected non-ER images. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the endoscopic response evaluation by AI and endoscopists were calculated and compared.Results: Of 193 patients, 40 (21%) were diagnosed as ERs. The median sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV values for ER detection in 10 models were 60%, 100%, 100%, and 71%, respectively. Similarly, the median values by the endoscopist were 80%, 80%, 81%, and 81%, respectively.Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study using a deep learning algorithm demonstrated that the constructed AI-guided endoscopic response evaluation after NAC could identify ER with high specificity and PPV. It would appropriately guide an individualized treatment strategy that includes an organ preservation approach in ESCC patients.
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| 9. |
- Nakao, Ryoma, et al.
(författare)
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A highly immunogenic vaccine platform against encapsulated pathogens using chimeric probiotic Escherichia coli membrane vesicles
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Vaccines. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2059-0105. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccines against infectious diseases should elicit potent and long-lasting immunity, ideally even in those with age-related decline in immune response. Here we report a rational polysaccharide vaccine platform using probiotic Escherichia coli-derived membrane vesicles (MVs). First, we constructed a probiotic E. coli clone harboring the genetic locus responsible for biogenesis of serotype 14 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (CPS14) as a model antigen. CPS14 was found to be polymerized and mainly localized on the outer membrane of the E. coli cells. The glycine-induced MVs displayed the exogenous CPS14 at high density on the outermost surface, on which the CPS14 moiety was covalently tethered to a lipid A-core oligosaccharide anchor. In in vivo immunization experiments, CPS14+MVs, but not a mixture of free CPS14 and empty MVs, strongly elicited IgG class-switch recombination with a Th1/Th2-balanced IgG subclass distribution without any adjuvant. In addition, CPS14+MVs were structurally stable with heat treatment and immunization with the heat-treated MVs-elicited CPS14-specific antibody responses in mouse serum to levels comparable to those of non-treated CPS14+MVs. Notably, the immunogenicity of CPS14+MVs was significantly stronger than those of two currently licensed vaccines against pneumococci. The CPS14+MV-elicited humoral immune responses persisted for 1 year in both blood and lung. Furthermore, the CPS14+MV vaccine was widely efficacious in mice of different ages. Even in aged mice, vaccination resulted in robust production of CPS14-specific IgG that bound to the pneumococcal cell surface. Taken together, the present probiotic E. coli MVs-based vaccine platform offers a promising, generalizable solution against encapsulated pathogens.
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