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- Fernandez-Luque, Luis, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence-Based Health Informatics as the Foundation for the COVID-19 Response : A Joint Call for Action
- 2022
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Ingår i: Methods of Information in Medicine. - : Thieme Verlag. - 0026-1270 .- 2511-705X. ; 59:6, s. 183-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background As a major public health crisis, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic demonstrates the urgent need for safe, effective, and evidence-based implementations of digital health. The urgency stems from the frequent tendency to focus attention on seemingly high promising digital health interventions despite being poorly validated in times of crisis. Aim In this paper, we describe a joint call for action to use and leverage evidence-based health informatics as the foundation for the COVID-19 response and public health interventions. Tangible examples are provided for how the working groups and special interest groups of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) are helping to build an evidence-based response to this crisis. Methods Leaders of working and special interest groups of the IMIA, a total of 26 groups, were contacted via e-mail to provide a summary of the scientific-based efforts taken to combat COVID-19 pandemic and participate in the discussion toward the creation of this manuscript. A total of 13 groups participated in this manuscript. Results Various efforts were exerted by members of IMIA including (1) developing evidence-based guidelines for the design and deployment of digital health solutions during COVID-19; (2) surveying clinical informaticians internationally about key digital solutions deployed to combat COVID-19 and the challenges faced when implementing and using them; and (3) offering necessary resources for clinicians about the use of digital tools in clinical practice, education, and research during COVID-19. Discussion Rigor and evidence need to be taken into consideration when designing, implementing, and using digital tools to combat COVID-19 to avoid delays and unforeseen negative consequences. It is paramount to employ a multidisciplinary approach for the development and implementation of digital health tools that have been rapidly deployed in response to the pandemic bearing in mind human factors, ethics, data privacy, and the diversity of context at the local, national, and international levels. The training and capacity building of front-line workers is crucial and must be linked to a clear strategy for evaluation of ongoing experiences.
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| 6. |
- Ota, S., et al.
(författare)
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Depth dependency of neutron density produced by cosmic rays in the lunar subsurface
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 54:10, s. 2114-2121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depth dependency of neutrons produced by cosmic rays (CRs) in the lunar subsurface was estimated using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo particle and heavy ion transport simulation code, PHITS, incorporating the latest high energy nuclear data, JENDL/HE-2007. The PHITS simulations of equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface were compared with the measurement by Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment (LNPE). Our calculations reproduced the LNPE data except for the 350-400 mg/cm(2) region under the improved condition using the CR spectra model based on the latest observations, well-tested nuclear interaction models with systematic cross section data, and JENDL/HE-2007.
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| 7. |
- Ota, S., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron production in the lunar subsurface from alpha particles in galactic cosmic rays
- 2011
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Ingår i: Earth, Planets and Space. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1880-5981 .- 1343-8832. ; 63:1, s. 25-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron production from alpha particles in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the lunar subsurface has not been estimated with reliable precision despite its importance for lunar nuclear spectroscopy and space dosimetry. Here, we report our estimation of neutron production from GCR nuclei (protons and alpha particles) with the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS), which includes several heavy ion interaction models. PHITS simulations of the equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface are compared with experimental data obtained in the Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment. Our calculations successfully reproduced the data within an experimental error of 15%. Our estimation of neutron production from GCR nuclei, estimated by scaling that from protons by a factor of 1.27, is in good agreement within an error of 1% with the calculations using two different alpha particle interaction models in PHITS during a period of average activity of the solar cycle. However, we show that the factor depends on the incident GCR spectrum model used in the simulation. Therefore, we conclude that the use of heavy ion interaction models is important for estimating neutron production in the lunar subsurface.
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| 8. |
- Ota, S., et al.
(författare)
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Neutron Production in the Lunar Subsurface from Galactic Cosmic Rays
- 2009
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Ingår i: IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings. - 1095-323X. - 9781424438877
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neutron production from galactic cosmic ray (GCR) protons and alpha particles in the lunar subsurface was estimated using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation code PHITS. The PHITS simulations of equilibrium neutron density profiles in the lunar subsurface were compared with experimental data by the Apollo 17 Lunar Neutron Probe Experiment. By use of the latest GCR spectra based on BESS measurements and well-benchmarked nuclear interaction models, our calculations well reproduced the data within the experimental error of 15% (measurement) + 30% (systematic) at the region shallower than 300 g/cm2. However, our calculation showed 10-20% higher values in the deeper region.
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| 9. |
- Stille, Björn, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Experience with the real time grouting control method
- 2009
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Ingår i: Geomechanics and Tunneling. - : Wiley. - 1865-7362 .- 1865-7389. ; 2:5, s. 447-459
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new concept of "real time grouting control method" is described by which grout penetration and grouting control are made applicable in real time by applying theories for grout spread. The stop criterion with this method can be related to achieved grout spread, and grouting may be considered complete when the grout penetration for the smallest fracture to be sealed is above a predetermined target value, or before the grout penetration for the largest fracture aperture reaches a certain maximum limiting value. It might also be possible by online monitoring of the process to predict the course of the grout spread and flow and to analyse the risk of uplift and jacking. Four tunnel projects in Sweden are presented in the paper. These references indicate that the real time grouting control method may be applicable to real grouting design and control.
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