| 1. |
- Koistinen, Niina, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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siRNA knock-down of Fe65 in SH-SY5Y cells decreases the levels of C-terminal fragments of APP without any effect on sAPPα secretion
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fe65 is an adaptor protein that binds to the amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the 82YENPTY687 motif of APP which is important for amyloid β (Aβ) production. Considering that Fe65 binds to this motif, it can be hypothesized that Fe65 may influence the trafficking of APP and hence its processing by α- and/or β-secretase. Therefore in this study we wanted to determine how knock-down of Fe65 effects the processing of endogenous APP in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our results showed that Fe65 knock-down did not have any effect on sAPPα secretion in SH-SY5Y cells. However, decreased levels of membrane-bound APP stubs C83 and C99 were observed, suggesting that Fe65 has a stabilizing effect on the C-terminal fragments. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate effects of retinoic acid (RA)-induced neronal differentiation on Fe65 expression. It has previously been shown that under these conditions mRNA and protein levels of APP increase concomitant with increased secretion of sAPPα, shifting the processing of APP to the more non-amyloidogenic pathway. We observed that RA-induced neuronal differentiation increases the protein levels of Fe65 in SH-SY5Y cells and gives rise to an electrophoretic mobility shift due to increased phosphorylation. The increased expression levels of Fe65 during neuronal differentiation concomitant with the increase of Fe65 phosphorylation, suggest that Fe65 and its phosphorylation may play a role during neuronal differentiation.
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| 2. |
- Koistinen, Niina, 1972-
(författare)
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The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP)-binding protein Fe65 and APP processing
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Aβ is generated by sequential cleavage of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) by β- and then γ-secretase. However, APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase, instead resulting in generation of neuroprotective sAPPα. Increased APP phosphorylation and altered expression levels of the brain enriched Fe65 protein have been observed in the brains of AD patients. Fe65 can not only interact with membrane tethered APP, but can also localized into the nucleus and act as a transcriptional regulator together with the APP intracellular domain (AICD), generated after γ-secretase processing. How APP processing, APP/Fe65 interaction, and the nuclear AICD/Fe65 complex is regulated has not yet been fully understood. The aim of this thesis was therefore to further elucidate how Fe65 is regulated and how APP Ser675 phosphorylation affects APP processing.We could identify several factors regulating Fe65. First, we identified that neuronal differentiation induces Fe65 phosphorylation (paper I), and that phosphorylated forms of Fe65 were preferentially localized outside the nucleus (paper II). Second, we found that the APP binding PTB2 domain of Fe65, rather than the previously proposed N-terminal WW domain, is important for the nuclear localization of Fe65 (paper II). In addition, we surprisingly found that mutation of S228 in the Fe65 N-terminus could increase the APP/Fe65 interaction (paper III). Third, both α- and γ-secretase inhibitors decreased Fe65 nuclear localization similarly, indicating an important role of α-secretase in regulating Fe65 nuclear localization (papers II and III). Lastly, we could in paper IV for the first time show that phosphorylation of APP at Ser675 regulates APP processing at the plasma membrane, resulting in reduced levels of sAPPα. These results, together with the observation that APP Ser675 phosphorylation occur in AD brains, suggest that Ser675 phosphorylation could contribute to AD pathology by decreasing α-secretase processing and instead increasing the levels of Aβ.In summary these studies have contributed to understanding of APP processing and the interplay between Fe65 and APP, two suggested key players in AD.
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| 3. |
- Revol, Rebecca, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-secretase dependent nuclear localization of the amyloid-β precursor protein-binding protein Fe65 promotes DNA repair
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. - 1044-7431 .- 1095-9327. ; 127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fe65 is a brain enriched adaptor protein involved in various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton regulation, DNA repair and transcription. A well-studied interacting partner of Fe65 is the transmembrane amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which can undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Following beta and gamma-secretase-mediated RIP, the released APP intracellular domain (AICD) together with Fe65 can translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription. In this study, we investigated if Fe65 nuclear localization can also be regulated by different alpha-secretases, also known to participate in RIP of APP and other transmembrane proteins. We found that in both Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and all-trans retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells a strong negative impact on Fe65 nuclear localization, equal to the effect observed upon gamma-secretase inhibition, could be detected following inhibition of all three (ADAM9, ADAM10 and ADAM17) alpha-secretases. Moreover, using the comet assay and analysis of Fe65 dependent DNA repair associated posttranslational modifications of histones, we could show that inhibition of alpha-secretase-mediated Fe65 nuclear translocation resulted in impaired capacity of the cells to repair DNA damage. Taken together this suggests that alpha-secretase processing of APP and/or other Fe65 interacting transmembrane proteins play an important role in regulating Fe65 nuclear translocation and DNA repair.
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