| 1. |
- Ferdousi, Hosne Ara, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics of school children with birch and/or grass pollen hay-fever (The PAT-Study)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: To describe the clinical characteristics of school children with hay-fever based on baseline data from the PAT-Study.Material: Two hundred and five children, 6-15 years, mean 10.7 years, with birch and or grass pollen hay-fever, without known asthma were recruited by six pediatric allergy centers in Northern and Central Europe.Methods: Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine tested by methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT) expressed in PC20 was registered during the birch and grass pollen seasons. During the winter symptoms of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and asthma were graded by visual analogue scale (VAS), conjunctival provocation test with birch and or timothy pollen extracts, skin tests with a panel of allergen extracts and MBPT were done and a questionnaire was filled in. Differences of p <0.01 level or less were considered significant.Results: Despite the children were included because of seasonal hay-fever without known asthma, 42/205 children (21 %) got doctor diagnosed asthma (DDA) after the first season. During the three seasons, between 60 and 73 % of the children had a PC20 to methacholine ≤ 8 mg/ml, about 30 % to ≤ 2 mg/ml and 7-10% even to ≤ 0.5 mg/ml. Most children had both rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Furthermore, 119/201 children (59%) were regularly exposed to furred animals.There was an association between DDA and the sum of VAS for asthma during the pollen seasons.The BHR was significantly more pronounced in those with than those without DDA during all three seasons: Using the three cut offs, the difference was most pronounced during the winter season but reached also significance using the cut off limit 0.5 mg/ml during the birch pollen season.Doctor diagnosed asthma correlated to PC20 during the seasons for most of the cut off limits for PC20 and in general there was an association in PC20 between the seasons independent of cut off limits.Furthermore, DDA, but not BHR, correlated to exposure to traffic and there was an association between exposure to traffic and industrial pollution, but not to ETS or duration of breastfeeding.Conclusion: The most striking feature of school children with uncomplicated hay-fever was the high frequency of DDA and BHR, most pronounced during the winter, the high frequency of exposure to living animals and sensitization to indoor allergens. Hay-fever is a generalized disease. Even without obvious asthma, BHR is common and most children have symptoms from both the eyes and the airways. Diagnosis of asthma in children with hay-fever and early anti-inflammatory treatment may improve the prognosis.
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| 2. |
- Jacobsen, L., et al.
(författare)
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Specific immunotherapy has long-term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma : 10-year follow-up on the PAT study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 62:8, s. 943-948
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: 3-year subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SIT) in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis reduced the risk of developing asthma during treatment and 2 years after discontinuation of SIT (5-year follow-up) indicating long-term preventive effect of SIT.Objective: We evaluated the long-term clinical effect and the preventive effect of developing asthma 7-years after termination of SIT.Methods: One hundred and forty-seven subjects, aged 16–25 years with grass and/or birch pollen allergy was investigated 10 years after initiation of a 3-year course of SIT with standardized allergen extracts of grass and/or birch or no SIT respectively. Conjunctival provocations were performed outside the season and methacholine bronchial provocations were performed during the season and winter. Asthma was assessed by clinical evaluation.Results: The significant improvements in rhinoconjunctivitis and conjunctival sensitivity persisted at the 10-year follow-up. Significantly less actively treated subjects had developed asthma at 10-year follow-up as evaluated by clinical symptoms [odds ratio 2.5 (1.1–5.9)]. Patients who developed asthma among controls were 24/53 and in the SIT group 16/64. The longitudinal treatment effect when adjusted for bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma status at baseline including all observations at 3, 5 and 10 years follow-up (children with or without asthma at baseline, n = 189; 511 observations) was statistically significant (P = 0.0075). The odds ratio for no-asthma was 4.6 95% CI (1.5–13.7) in favor of SIT.Conclusion: A 3-year course of SIT with standardized allergen extracts has shown long-term clinical effects and the potential of preventing development of asthma in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis up to 7 years after treatment.Clinical implication: Specific immunotherapy has long-term clinical effects and the potential of preventing development of asthma in children with allergic rhino conjunctivitis up to 7 years after treatment termination.
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| 3. |
- Möller, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis (the PAT-study)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 109:2, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Children with allergic rhinitis are likely to develop asthma.Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether specific immunotherapy can prevent the development of asthma and reduce bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.Methods: From 6 pediatric allergy centers, 205 children aged 6 to 14 years (mean age, 10.7 years) with grass and/or birch pollen allergy but without any other clinically important allergy were randomized either to receive specific immunotherapy for 3 years or to an open control group. All subjects had moderate to severe hay fever symptoms, but at inclusion none reported asthma with need of daily treatment. Symptomatic treatment was limited to loratadine, levocabastine, sodium cromoglycate, and nasal budesonide. Asthma was evaluated clinically and by peak flow. Methacholine bronchial provocation tests were carried out during the season(s) and during the winter.Results: Before the start of immunotherapy, 20% of the children had mild asthma symptoms during the pollen season(s). Among those without asthma, the actively treated children had significantly fewer asthma symptoms after 3 years as evaluated by clinical diagnosis (odds ratio, 2.52; P < .05). Methacholine bronchial provocation test results improved significant in the active group (P < .05).Conclusion: Immunotherapy can reduce the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis.
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