| 1. |
- Kolesnikov, Anton
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of hydrocarbon formation and transformation under Earth´s upper mantle conditions
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The theory of the abyssal abiotic petroleum origin considers oil and natural gas to begenerated in the Earth’s upper mantle. Hydrocarbons migrate further through the deep faults into the Earth’s crust, where they can form oil and gas deposits in any kind of rock in any kind of structural position. Until recently one of the main obstacles for further development of this theory has been the lack of the data covering processes of generation and transformations of hydrocarbons. Experimental data, presented in this thesis, confirms the possibility of hydrocarbons formation from mantle inorganic compounds (water, Fe, CaCO3 or graphite) at temperature and pressure of the upper mantle (1500 K and 5 GPa). Experiments were carried out in CONAC high pressure device and multianvil apparatus BARS. Compositions of received gas mixtures were similar to natural gas. Quantity of hydrocarbons depended on the cooling regime of reaction mixture under pressure. Slow cooling favored higher quantity. We found that donor of carbon (CaCO3 or graphite) determines formation of “dry” (methane-rich) gas or “wet” (light hydrocarbons-rich) gas. Experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells showed that methane and ethane partially react under upper mantle thermobaric conditions (2-5 GPa, 1000-1500 K) to form mixture of hydrocarbons: methane, ethane, propane and n-butane – main compounds of natural gas. Similarity of final product mixture obtained from methane and ethane means thermodynamic stability of hydrocarbons in the thermobaric conditions of the upper mantle and equilibrium character of the observed processes.
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| 2. |
- Kolesnikov, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Methane-derived hydrocarbons produced under upper-mantle conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature geosicence. - 1752-0894. ; 2:8, s. 566-570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is widespread evidence that petroleum originates from biological processes(1-3). Whether hydrocarbons can also be produced from abiogenic precursor molecules under the high-pressure, high-temperature conditions characteristic of the upper mantle remains an open question. It has been proposed that hydrocarbons generated in the upper mantle could be transported through deep faults to shallower regions in the Earth's crust, and contribute to petroleum reserves(4,5). Here we use in situ Raman spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells to monitor the chemical reactivity of methane and ethane under upper-mantle conditions. We show that when methane is exposed to pressures higher than 2 GPa, and to temperatures in the range of 1,000-1,500 K, it partially reacts to form saturated hydrocarbons containing 2-4 carbons (ethane, propane and butane) and molecular hydrogen and graphite. Conversely, exposure of ethane to similar conditions results in the production of methane, suggesting that the synthesis of saturated hydrocarbons is reversible. Our results support the suggestion that hydrocarbons heavier than methane can be produced by abiogenic processes in the upper mantle.
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| 3. |
- Kolesnikov, Anton Yu., et al.
(författare)
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Chemistry of Hydrocarbons Under Extreme Thermobaric Conditions
- 2017
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Ingår i: CHEMISTRYSELECT. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2365-6549. ; 2:4, s. 1336-1352
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- What will happen when methane is at a temperature of 1500 K? On the first glance the answer seems to be obvious methane will decompose into hydrogen and one of the forms of carbon. Yes. However is does not do so at very high pressure, when novel reaction pathways become possible. The latest experimental results and theoretical calculations show that methane and heavier hydrocarbons are, remarkably enough, stable under extreme pressures and temperatures. Even more, experiments confirm the possibility of abiogenic synthesis of natural gas at 5.0 GPa and 1500 K. The review summarizes published results of theoretical and experimental investigations of possible pathways under the conditions of pressure and temperature that prevail in the Earth's upper mantle for the formation of (1) particular species of hydrocarbon molecules, and of (2) complex hydrocarbon systems. The results raise fundamental questions on the genesis of hydrocarbons.
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| 4. |
- Kouchinsky, Artem, et al.
(författare)
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Early-middle Cambrian stratigraphy and faunas from northern Siberia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. - : Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences. - 0567-7920 .- 1732-2421. ; 67:2, s. 341-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New assemblages of skeletal fossils chemically extracted from carbonates of the Cambrian Stage 2-Drumian Stage are reported from the lower reaches of the Lena River as well as from the Khorbusuonka, Malaya Kuonamka, and Bol'shaya Kuonamka rivers in northern part of the Siberian Platform. The fauna studied with scanning electron microscopy includes brachiopods, molluscs, hyoliths, halkieriids, chancelloriids, tommotiids, lobopodians, palaeoscolecidans, bradoriids, echinoderms, anabaritids, hyolithelminths, and sponges showing similarity to previously described fossil assemblages from Siberia, Laurentia, and Gondwana. The material includes emended descriptions of Halkieria proboscidea, Hadimopanella knappologica, Archaeopetasus typicus, and first descriptions of Hadimopanella foveata Kouchinsky sp. nov. and Archaeopetasus pachybasalis Kouchinsky sp. nov. Affinity of Archaeopetasus to chancelloriids is suggested. Finding of an in-place operculum in a planispiral shell of Michniakia minuta enables reinterpretation of this form as a hyolith, not a mollusc. The cambroclavids Cambroclavus sp. and Zhijinites clavus and the earliest echinoderms belonging to the Rhombifera and Ctenocystoidea are reported respectively from the lower Botoman stage and Botoman-Toyonian transitional beds, correlated with Cambrian Stage 4. Carbon isotopes are analysed from sections of the Chuskuna (upper Kessyusa Group), Erkeket, Kuonamka, Olenyok, Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh, Tyuser and Sekten formations. A major part of the delta C-13 record is obtained from the Cambrian Stage 4-Drumian Stage strata which remain incompletely characterised by chemostratigraphy. The Lower Anomocarioides limbataeformis Carbon isotope Excursion (LACE) from the Drumian Stage of the Khorbusuonka River is introduced herein. New chemostratigraphic data are used for regional and global correlation and facilitate study of the evolutionary development of animals and faunas through the "Cambrian explosion".
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| 5. |
- Kouchinsky, Artem, et al.
(författare)
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Lower–Middle Cambrian faunas and stratigraphy from northern Siberia
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. - Warsaw : Polish Academy of Sciences. - 0567-7920 .- 1732-2421. ; 67, s. 341-464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New assemblages of skeletal fossils chemically extracted from carbonates of the Cambrian Stage 2–Drumian Stage are reported from the lower reaches of the Lena River as well as from the Khorbusuonka, Malaya Kuonamka, and Bol’shaya Kuonamka rivers in northern part of the Siberian Platform. The fauna studied with scanning electron microscopy includes brachiopods, molluscs, hyoliths, halkieriids, chancelloriids, tommotiids, lobopodians, palaeoscolecidans, bradoriids, echinoderms, anabaritids, hyolithelminths, and sponges showing similarity to previously described fossil assemblages from Siberia, Laurentia, and Gondwana. The material includes emended descriptions of Halkieria proboscidea, Hadimopanella knappologica, Archaeopetasus typicus, and first descriptions of Hadimopanella foveata Kouchinsky sp. nov. and Archaeopetasus pachybasalis Kouchinsky sp. nov. Affinity of Archaeopetasus to chancelloriids is suggested. Finding of an in-place operculum in a planispiral shell of Michniakia minuta enables reinterpretation of this form as a hyolith, not a mollusc. The cambroclavids Cambroclavus sp. and Zhijinites clavus and the earliest echinoderms belonging to the Rhombifera and Ctenocystoidea are reported respectively from the lower Botoman stage and Botoman–Toyonian transitional beds, correlated with Cambrian Stage 4. Carbon isotopes are analysed from sections of the Chuskuna (upper Kessyusa Group), Erkeket, Kuonamka, Olenyok, Yunkyulyabit-Yuryakh, Tyuser and Sekten formations. A major part ofthe δ13C record is obtained from the Cambrian Stage 4–Drumian Stage strata which remain incompletely characterised by chemostratigraphy. The Lower Anomocarioides limbataeformis Carbon isotope Excursion (LACE) from the Drumian Stage of the Khorbusuonka River is introduced herein. New chemostratigraphic data are used for regional and global correlation and facilitate study of the evolutionary development of animals and faunas through the “Cambrian explosion”.
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| 6. |
- Kudryavtsev, Daniil, et al.
(författare)
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Raman and IR Spectroscopy Studies on Propane at Pressures of Up to 40 GPa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 121:32, s. 6004-6011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raman and IR spectroscopy studies on propane were performed at pressures of up to 40 GPa at ambient temperatures using the diamond anvil cell technique. Propane undergoes three phase transitions at 6.4(5), 14.5(5), and 26.5(5) GPa in Raman spectroscopy and at 7.0(5), 14.0(5), and 27.0(5) GPa in IR spectroscopy. The phase transitions were identified using the Raman and IR splitting modes and the appearance or disappearance of peaks, which clearly corresponded to the changes in the frequencies of the modes as the pressure changed. Our results demonstrate the complex high-pressure behavior of solid propane.
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| 7. |
- Kutcherov, Vladimir G., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of hydrocarbons under upper mantle conditions : evidence for the theory of abiotic deep petroleum origin
- 2010
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PRESSURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, JOINT AIRAPT-22 AND HPCJ-50. - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 012103-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theory of abiotic deep petroleum origin explains that hydrocarbon compounds are generated in the upper mantle and migrate through the deep faults into the Earth's crust. There they form oil and gas deposits in any kind of rock in any kind of the structural position. Until recently one of the main obstacles for further development of this theory has been the lack of reliable and reproducible experimental results confirming the possibility of the spontaneous synthesis of complex hydrocarbon systems at high pressure and temperature. Our experimental results demonstrate that abiotic synthesis of hydrocarbons under mantle conditions is a real chemical process. Different paths of hydrocarbon synthesis under mantle conditions are discussed. Obtained experimental results place the theory of the abiotic deep petroleum origin in the mainstream of modern experimental physics and physical chemistry.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kutcherov, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal Conductivity of Complex Hydrocarbon Systems at Pressures Up To 1000 MPa
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of heat transfer. - : ASME International. - 0022-1481 .- 1528-8943. ; 138:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal conductivity of five samples of crude oil and one sample of gas condensate was measured by the transient hot-wire technique. The measurements were made along isotherms ( 245, 250, 273, 295, 320, 336, and 373 K) in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure up to 1000 MPa and along isobars ( at 0.1, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 MPa) in the temperature range 245-450 K. It was observed that the thermal conductivity of the samples investigated strongly depends on the pressure and rises with increasing pressure for all the temperatures. At a certain pressure, the temperature coefficient of thermal conductivity reverses from negative to positive. The pressure at which this reversal was observed varied in the range of 300-380 MPa.
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| 10. |
- Lucani, Daniel E., et al.
(författare)
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Secure generalized deduplication via multi-key revealing encryption
- 2020
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Ingår i: Security and Cryptography for Networks - 12th International Conference, SCN 2020, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1611-3349 .- 0302-9743. - 9783030579890 ; 12238 LNCS, s. 298-318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud Storage Providers (CSPs) offer solutions to relieve users from locally storing vast amounts of data, including personal and sensitive ones. While users may desire to retain some privacy on the data they outsource, CSPs are interested in reducing the total storage space by employing compression techniques such as deduplication. We propose a new cryptographic primitive that simultaneously realizes both requirements: Multi-Key Revealing Encryption (MKRE). The goal of MKRE is to disclose the result of a pre-defined function over multiple ciphertexts, even if the ciphertexts were generated using different keys, while revealing nothing else about the data. We present a formal model and a security definition for MKRE and provide a construction of MKRE for generalized deduplication that only uses symmetric key primitives in a black-box way. Our construction allows (a) cloud providers to reduce the storage space by using generalized deduplication to compress encrypted data across users, and (b) each user to maintain a certain privacy level for the outsourced information. Our scheme can be proven secure in the random oracle model (and we argue that this is a necessary evil). We develop a proof-of-concept implementation of our solution. For a test data set, our MKRE construction achieves secure generalized deduplication with a compression ratio of 87% for 1 KB file chunks and 82.2% for 8 KB chunks. Finally, our experiments show that, compared to generalized deduplication setup with un-encrypted files, adding privacy via MKRE introduces a compression overhead of less than $$3\%$$ and reduces the storage throughput by at most $$6.9\%$$.
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