| 1. |
- Soininen, E.M., et al.
(författare)
-
Location of studies and evidence of effects of herbivory on Arctic vegetation: a systematic map
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Environmental Evidence. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2047-2382. ; 10:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Herbivores modify the structure and function of tundra ecosystems. Understanding their impacts is necessary to assess the responses of these ecosystems to ongoing environmental changes. However, the effects of herbivores on plants and ecosystem structure and function vary across the Arctic. Strong spatial variation in herbivore effects implies that the results of individual studies on herbivory depend on local conditions, i.e., their ecological context. An important first step in assessing whether generalizable conclusions can be produced is to identify the existing studies and assess how well they cover the underlying environmental conditions across the Arctic. This systematic map aims to identify the ecological contexts in which herbivore impacts on vegetation have been studied in the Arctic. Specifically, the primary question of the systematic map was: “What evidence exists on the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation?”.Methods: We used a published systematic map protocol to identify studies addressing the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation. We conducted searches for relevant literature in online databases, search engines and specialist websites. Literature was screened to identify eligible studies, defined as reporting primary data on herbivore impacts on Arctic plants and plant communities. We extracted information on variables that describe the ecological context of the studies, from the studies themselves and from geospatial data. We synthesized the findings narratively and created a Shiny App where the coded data are searchable and variables can be visually explored.Review findings: We identified 309 relevant articles with 662 studies (representing different ecological contexts or datasets within the same article). These studies addressed vertebrate herbivory seven times more often than invertebrate herbivory. Geographically, the largest cluster of studies was in Northern Fennoscandia. Warmer and wetter parts of the Arctic had the largest representation, as did coastal areas and areas where the increase in temperature has been moderate. In contrast, studies spanned the full range of ecological context variables describing Arctic vertebrate herbivore diversity and human population density and impact.Conclusions: The current evidence base might not be sufficient to understand the effects of herbivores on Arctic vegetation throughout the region, as we identified clear biases in the distribution of herbivore studies in the Arctic and a limited evidence base on invertebrate herbivory. In particular, the overrepresentation of studies in areas with moderate increases in temperature prevents robust generalizations about the effects of herbivores under different climatic scenarios.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Ali, M, et al.
(författare)
-
T cells targeted to TdT kill leukemic lymphoblasts while sparing normal lymphocytes
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1696 .- 1087-0156. ; 40:4, s. 488-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unlike chimeric antigen receptors, T-cell receptors (TCRs) can recognize intracellular targets presented on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Here we demonstrate that T cells expressing TCRs specific for peptides from the intracellular lymphoid-specific enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), presented in the context of HLA-A*02:01, specifically eliminate primary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells of T- and B-cell origin in vitro and in three mouse models of disseminated B-ALL. By contrast, the treatment spares normal peripheral T- and B-cell repertoires and normal myeloid cells in vitro, and in vivo in humanized mice. TdT is an attractive cancer target as it is highly and homogeneously expressed in 80–94% of B- and T-ALLs, but only transiently expressed during normal lymphoid differentiation, limiting on-target toxicity of TdT-specific T cells. TCR-modified T cells targeting TdT may be a promising immunotherapy for B-ALL and T-ALL that preserves normal lymphocytes.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersen, NS, et al.
(författare)
-
Primary treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: outcome related to remission pretransplant
- 2003
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 1600-0609 .- 0902-4441. ; 71:2, s. 73-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of the first Nordic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) protocol was to study the clinical significance of an augmented CHOP induction chemotherapy followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to examine the prognostic significance of stem cell contamination rates in newly diagnosed patients with MCL. Patients and methods: Forty-one newly diagnosed patients below 66 yr were enrolled and given three series of an augmented CHOP regimen. Responders underwent stem cell mobilization with a fourth course of CHOP, stem cell harvest and ASCT. Stem cell purging was optional in the protocol and followed the routine of each participating centre. The number of tumour cells in the reinfused autografts was estimated by flow cytometry or quantitative PCR. Results: Induction therapy led to complete remission (CR) in 11 of 41 patients (27%), partial remission (PR) in 20 of 41 patients (49%) and no response in nine patients (22%), whereas one patient was not evaluable. Twenty-seven of the 31 responders underwent ASCT and 24 achieved or maintained a CR. The overall and failure-free 4-yr survival on intention-to-treat basis were 51% and 15%, respectively. Among the transplanted patients, a significantly increased failure-free (P < 0.03) and overall survival (P = 0.03) was noted among patients transplanted in CR compared with PR, respectively. By contrast, reinfusion of highly variable numbers of tumour cells with the autografts (range 0.71-80 x 10(6) tumour cells), did not affect outcome. Conclusion: In MCL, an important strategy to improve the outcome will be to intensify the induction chemotherapy.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Bonde, J. P. E., et al.
(författare)
-
Occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide register-based study of the Danish workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020-2021
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 80:4, s. 202-208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveMost earlier studies on occupational risk of COVID-19 covering the entire workforce are based on relatively rare outcomes such as hospital admission and mortality. This study examines the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection by occupational group based on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests. MethodsThe cohort includes 2.4 million Danish employees, 20-69 years of age. All data were retrieved from public registries. The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of first-occurring positive RT-PCR test from week 8 of 2020 to week 50 of 2021 were computed by Poisson regression for each four-digit Danish Version of the International Standard Classification of Occupations job code with more than 100 male and 100 female employees (n=205). Occupational groups with low risk of workplace infection according to a job exposure matrix constituted the reference group. Risk estimates were adjusted by demographic, social and health characteristics including household size, completed COVID-19 vaccination, pandemic wave and occupation-specific frequency of testing. ResultsIRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were elevated in seven healthcare occupations and 42 occupations in other sectors, mainly social work activities, residential care, education, defence and security, accommodation and transportation. No IRRs exceeded 2.0. The relative risk in healthcare, residential care and defence/security declined across pandemic waves. Decreased IRRs were observed in 12 occupations. DiscussionWe observed a modestly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among employees in numerous occupations, indicating a large potential for preventive actions. Cautious interpretation of observed risk in specific occupations is needed because of methodological issues inherent in analyses of RT-PCR test results and because of multiple statistical tests.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
