| 1. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(author)
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Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania
- 2005
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In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 96:3, s. 461-469
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Plants are not only important to the millions of people to whom traditional medicine serves as the only opportunity for health care and to those who use plants for various purposes in their daily lives, but also as a source of new pharmaceuticals. During interviews with the Pare people from Northeastern Tanzania, 29 plants that are used for medicinal purposes as well as 41 plants used for non-medicinal purposes were reported. Six medicinally used plants were selected for bioactivity analysis. Extracts of Coccinia adoensis, Cineraria grandiflora, Pavonia urens, Marattia fraxinea, Clutia abyssinica var. usambarica, and Vangueria infausta were made using ethyl acetate, methanol, cold water and boiling water. The antimicrobial activity was tested on Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium culmorum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringae, and Erwinia amylovora. All plants showed activity against several test organisms.
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| 2. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(author)
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DNA Barcoding Reveals Limited Accuracy of Identifications Based on Folk Taxonomy
- 2014
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:The trade of plant roots as traditional medicine is an important source of income for many people around theworld. Destructive harvesting practices threaten the existence of some plant species. Harvesters of medicinal roots identifythe collected species according to their own folk taxonomies, but once the dried or powdered roots enter the chain ofcommercialization, accurate identification becomes more challenging.Methodology: A survey of morphological diversity among four root products traded in the medina of Marrakech wasconducted. Fifty-one root samples were selected for molecular identification using DNA barcoding using three markers,trnH-psbA, rpoC1, and ITS. Sequences were searched using BLAST against a tailored reference database of Moroccanmedicinal plants and their closest relatives submitted to NCBI GenBank.Principal Findings: Combining psbA-trnH, rpoC1, and ITS allowed the majority of the market samples to be identified tospecies level. Few of the species level barcoding identifications matched the scientific names given in the literature,including the most authoritative and widely cited pharmacopeia.Conclusions/Significance:The four root complexes selected from the medicinal plant products traded in Marrakech allcomprise more than one species, but not those previously asserted. The findings have major implications for the monitoringof trade in endangered plant species as morphology-based species identifications alone may not be accurate. As a result,trade in certain species may be overestimated, whereas the commercialization of other species may not be recorded at all.
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| 3. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(author)
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Ethnobotanical research and teaching : A Case in Bulgaria
- 2006
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In: Program of the Society for Economic Botany 47th Annual Meeting.
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Conference paper (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Introduction Bulgarian people in rural areas have a tradition of using herbal medicine as household remedies, due partly to the scarcity of pharmaceuticals during the Soviet era. As part of a fieldwork exercise in the ethnobotany course taught at Uppsala University students carried out ethnobotanical research in different areas in Bulgaria to study and describe these traditions. Objectives To study: Plants used to treat fevers and cold; plants used to treat wounds and for pain-relief; plants grown in home gardens; plants used for magical purposes; and awareness of endangerment of medicinally used plants. Methods Our group of 16 students was divided in groups of two-three students. Each group had written a project proposal focusing on one of the study objectives, and carried out this research with the help of a Bulgarian translator, who was knowledgeable about the local flora. Three field sites had been selected to spread the students throughout the country and to prevent informant fatigue. Interviews were semi-structured and if necessary, walks were made with the informants to point out plants and collect herbarium vouchers. Results The students as a whole managed to collect an enormous amount of data in a very short time, and some groups carried out as many as 18 interviews during the 8-day field period. Results were analyzed per group and presented during a one-day seminar at Ruse University, Bulgaria. Conclusion Bulgarian villagers, mainly ederly people, rely to a great extent on the use of medicinal plants to treat common and non-threatening chronic diseases. These plants are often grown in home gardens, and less so collected in the wild. Knowledge is often based on books, and less so on maternal or paternal transmission. The people living in Roussenski Lom national park experience that most medicinally used wild plants have stayed equal or increased in abundance over the last decennium. Carrying out ethnobotanical field research can be effective and efficiently done as part of a course training ethnobotany students.
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| 6. |
- Kool, Anneleen, et al.
(author)
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A giant spurrey on a tiny island : On the phylogenetic position of Sanctambrosia manicata (Caryophyllaceae) and the generic circumscriptions of Spergula, Spergularia and Rhodalsine
- 2017
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In: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 66:3, s. 615-622
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The only member of the generally herbaceous family Caryophyllaceae that may grow to a small tree is Sanctambrosia manicata, endemic to remote San Ambrosio Island, off the coast of Chile. The monospecific Sanctambrosia has been suggested to be closely related to Spergula and Spergularia (spurreys) on the basis of morphology, despite its treelike habit and gynodioecy. A plastid DNA dataset (ndhF, rps16, trnL-F) is used to investigate the relationships of Sanctambrosia and other members of Sperguleae. Sanctambrosia manicata is shown to be nested in a clade of New World and Australian Spergularia and the new combination Spergularia manicata is proposed. The volcanic San Ambrosio has been estimated to be almost three million years old, and S. manicata presumably evolved its treelike habit and gynodioecy over a short period of time. Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic and recognizable by their number of carpels, five in Spergula and three in Spergularia. Spergularia fallax, which resembles Spergula in leaf characters, is shown to be sister to all other species of Spergularia. Minuartia subg. Rhodalsine belongs in Sperguleae and is sister to Spergula and Spergularia together, which supports the recent resurrection of Rhodalsine at the generic level.
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| 7. |
- Kool, Anneleen, et al.
(author)
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A plant that Linnaeus forgot: taxonomic revision of Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae)
- 2017
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In: Willdenowia. - : Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin. - 0511-9618 .- 1868-6397. ; 47:3, s. 317-323
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The mainly Mediterranean genus Rhodalsine (Caryophyllaceae) is revised and a single species, R. geniculata, is recognized, distributed from the Canary Islands in the west to Somalia in the east. The history of the taxon, which was known already during the 17th century but entirely overlooked by Linnaeus, is outlined. Variation and taxonomy are discussed and illustrations and a distribution map are provided. Many names are placed in synonymy and most of the names are typified, including six lectotypes designated here.
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| 8. |
- Kool, Anneleen, et al.
(author)
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Bristly versus juicy : Phylogenetic position and taxonomy of Sphaerocoma (Caryophyllaceae)
- 2012
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In: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 61:1, s. 67-75
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The phylogenetic position of the Afro-Asian genus Sphaerocoma is investigated using DNA sequences from plastid rps16 and ndhF, as well as from nuclear ITS and RPB2. Seven accessions of Sphaerocoma, representing all three currently recognized taxa, are analyzed along with sequences from genera that have been found to be closely related to Sphaerocoma in broader studies of Caryophyllaceae. The Afro-Arabian Pollichia is indicated as sister to Sphaerocoma, and this Sphaerocoma-Pollichia clade is sister to a clade with Macaronesian Polycarpaea and the widely distributed Polycarpon prostratum. A close relationship between the anemochorous Sphaerocoma and the endozoochorous Pollichia has never previously been suggested, but some similarities in, e.g., floral characters are pointed out. Sphaerocoma is strongly supported as monophyletic, but no significant molecular variation within the genus could be detected. A new taxonomy of Sphaerocoma is proposed, where a single species with two geographically and morphologically defined subspecies are recognized: S. hookeri subsp. hookeri in coastal areas along the Red Sea in Egypt, Sudan and Saudi-Arabia, near Aden in Yemen, and in Somalia, and S. hookeri subsp. aucheri comb. & stat. nov. in coastal areas in south-eastern Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Iran, and Pakistan. A lectotype is designated for S. hookeri.
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| 9. |
- Kool, Anneleen
(author)
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Desert Plants and Deserted Islands : Systematics and Ethnobotany in Caryophyllaceae
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background. Caryophyllaceae is a large and cosmopolitic flowering plant family, however the systematics of many of its basal groups has been unclear, due to a lack of unambiguous morphology. Some members of Caryophyllaceae are used medicinally, e.g. Corrigiola roots in Morocco. Monitoring the trade in medicinal plants is complicated due to the absence of useful identification characters in plant products such as roots, bark, and powders.This thesis aims at elucidating the systematics and the ethnobotany of some of the basal clades in Caryophyllaceae. Methods. A comprehensive sampling from herbarium as well as market and field collected material was used in systematic studies combining morphological investigation, molecular phylogenetic and molecular dating analyses. Results. The data show that Polycarpon is polyphyletic, that Sphaerocoma is sister to Pollichia and shows some intraspecific variation, that Sanctambrosia falls within the genus Spergularia, and that both Spergula and Spergularia are monophyletic. Preliminary data suggest that Polycarpaea is polyphyletic and should be split into three larger and several smaller genera, that the members of Paronychia subgen. Anaplonychia will need to be transferred to Herniaria to maintain monophyly, and that Caryophyllaceae emerged during the Paleocene. All the major extant lineages originated in the Oligocene and diversified later. Using molecular identification it was possible to identify around 50% of the Moroccan medicinal roots to species level and an additional 30% to genus level. Discussion and conclusions. The polyphyletic Polycarpon needs to be split into at least three separate genera, but no name changes were made pending further research. The two species of Sphaerocoma were merged into one species with two subspecies. The San Ambrosio Island endemic Sanctambrosia, the only tree-like plant in Caryophyllaceae, is probably the result of a long distance dispersal event and its woody habit and gynodioecy are probably caused by inbreeding depression. Sanctambrosia manicata is transferred to Spergularia. Molecular identification put into practice on traded medicinal roots has a somewhat lower success rate than most theoretical studies, indicating that a global barcoding database would need to include reference sequences from a broad range of populations for each species.
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| 10. |
- Kool, Anneleen, et al.
(author)
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Ethnobotany at Uppsala University.
- 2005
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In: Proceedings of the IVth International Congress of the Ethnobotany (ICEB 2005).
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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