| 1. |
- Abbott, Benjamin W., et al.
(författare)
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Biomass offsets little or none of permafrost carbon release from soils, streams, and wildfire : an expert assessment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9326. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the permafrost region warms, its large organic carbon pool will be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition, combustion, and hydrologic export. Models predict that some portion of this release will be offset by increased production of Arctic and boreal biomass; however, the lack of robust estimates of net carbon balance increases the risk of further overshooting international emissions targets. Precise empirical or model-based assessments of the critical factors driving carbon balance are unlikely in the near future, so to address this gap, we present estimates from 98 permafrost-region experts of the response of biomass, wildfire, and hydrologic carbon flux to climate change. Results suggest that contrary to model projections, total permafrost-region biomass could decrease due to water stress and disturbance, factors that are not adequately incorporated in current models. Assessments indicate that end-of-the-century organic carbon release from Arctic rivers and collapsing coastlines could increase by 75% while carbon loss via burning could increase four-fold. Experts identified water balance, shifts in vegetation community, and permafrost degradation as the key sources of uncertainty in predicting future system response. In combination with previous findings, results suggest the permafrost region will become a carbon source to the atmosphere by 2100 regardless of warming scenario but that 65%-85% of permafrost carbon release can still be avoided if human emissions are actively reduced.
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| 2. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A survey on the categorical term construction with applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fuzzy sets and systems (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0114 .- 1872-6801. ; 298, s. 128-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper gives a survey on the categorical term construction based on the free algebra algorithm. In the framework of monoidal biclosed and cocomplete categories a possible concept of signature for finitary theories is introduced. Applications of these constructions are given in Goguen's category and in the category of complete lattices and join preserving maps.
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Adding fuzziness to terms and powerobjects using a monadic approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fuzzy sets and systems (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0114 .- 1872-6801. ; 192, s. 104-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fuzzy mathematics often starts by taking a piece of classical mathematics and introducing fuzziness to existing mathematical concepts, and then proceeds to a more essential adoption of a fuzzy perspective. This paper explores this progression for two important monads: the powerset monad and its generalizations to fuzzy powerobjects, and the term monad and its generalization to using fuzzy sets of operators. This brings together two lines of research previously discussed at the Linz seminars. The powerset and its fuzzy analogs are important in the development of topology in a fuzzy world and the term monad and its fuzzy analogs are vital in understanding fuzzy computer science.
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| 4. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Complete Many-Valued Lattices
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). - : IEEE. - 9781509060344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let Sup be the category of complete lattices and join preserving maps. The aim of this paper is to show that the theory of complete many-valued lattices exists. For this purpose we recall the concept of many-valued preordered sets and show that the category of many-valued join-complete lattices is isomorphic to the category of right modules in Sup - a theorem which goes back to I. Stubbe in a more general context given by quantaloid enriched categories. Finally, we will explain the presented theory by some natural examples, and do not hesitate to apply the theory to a simple stochastic linear programming problem.
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| 5. |
- Eklund, Patrik, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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From Aristotle to Lotfi
- 2013
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Ingår i: On Fuzziness. - Berlin Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642356407 ; , s. 147-152
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Fuzzy terms
- 2014
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Ingår i: Fuzzy sets and systems (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0165-0114 .- 1872-6801. ; 256, s. 211-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we will show how purely categorical constructions of terms are advantageous when investigating situations concerning uncertainty; more specifically where uncertainty comes from and how uncertainty is integrated when dealing with terms over selected signatures. There are basically two ways of invoking uncertainty for terms. On one hand, we may proceed by building composed monads where uncertainty is provided by some suitable monad composed with the traditional term monad. On the other hand, we can provide a strictly formal basis for term monads being created over categories themselves carrying uncertainty. This is the distinction between 'computing with fuzzy' and 'fuzzy computing' and the fundamental question raised by these constructions is where uncertainty resides in language constructions for logic. This paper also shows how the notion of signature often needs to be expanded to levels of signatures, in particular when dealing with type constructors. Such levels allow us to strictly delineate, e.g., primitive operations, type terms, and value level terms. Levels of signature will in this paper be exemplified by the construction of the signature of simply typed lambda calculus.
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| 7. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Modules in Health Classifications
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). - : IEEE. - 9781509060344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In applications, for example in health care, many-valuedness modelled using quantales plays an important role. The paper presents variations of the three chain modules C-3 over unitalization of the three chain quantale (C-3 is the smallest possible quantale to model many-valuedness), thus, variations of right actions are given. From application point of view, it is then possible to choose suitable modules when modelling, for example, the causalities between disease, intervention and functioning. The effect of drug interaction in presence of multiple diseases, and as affecting functioning, adds to this complexity. Health care communities and professionals comply with a range classifications and terminologies, also including scales to qualify strength or hierarchies of evidence, in the sense of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), or interaction, or as related to levels of functioning. Such hierarchies adopted in health care are ad hoc as compared to the potentially algebraic and logical structures of terminologies used as part of clinical decision-making. The notion of 'evidence' in EBM would benefit from a logical enrichment. In this paper we show how these hierarchies canonically derive as actions where transitions appear as levels in hierarchies of evidence. In this sense, the Logic-Based Medicine (LBM) view is complementary to EBM, the latter indeed very well known and established, whereas LBM is yet to be recognized more broadly. We will also see how three-valuedness related to health conditions, rather than two-valuedness, is the generator of many-valuedness related to strength of evidence.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Monadic formal concept analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: ROUGH SETS AND CURRENT TRENDS IN SOFT COMPUTING, RSCTC 2014. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319086439 ; , s. 201-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) as inherently relational can be formalized and generalized by using categorical constructions. This provides a categorical view of the relation between "object" and "attributes", which can be further extended to a more generalized view on relations as morphisms in Kleisli categories of suitable monads. Structure of sets of "objects" and "attributes" can be provided e.g. by term monads over particular signatures, and specific signatures drawn from and developed within social and health care can be used to illuminate the use of the categorical approach.
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Non-commutative Quantales for Many-Valuedness in Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: 16th International Conference, IPMU 2016, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, June 20-24, 2016, Proceedings, Part I. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319405964 - 9783319405957 ; , s. 437-449
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we show how the diversity of properties for quantales is well suited for describing multivalence in many-valued logic. Tensor products of quantales will play an important role in showing how more simple valuation scales can be tensored together to provide more complex valuation scales. In health care applications, this is typically seen for disorders and functioning. Classification of disorder is typically quite bivalent, whereas scales used in functioning classifications are multivalent. The role 'not specified' or 'missing' is shown to be of importance.
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| 10. |
- Eklund, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Non-Commutativity and Many-Valuedness : The Topological Representation of the Spectrum of C*-Algebras
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE International Conference On Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). - : IEEE. - 9781509060344
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past there have been made various attempts to define the spectrum of a non-commutative C*-algebra. But all these definitions have certain drawbacks - e.g. C.J. Mulvey's definition does not coincide with the standard definition of the spectrum in the commutative case. The aim of this paper is to give an alternative definition of the spectrum which does not suffer under this deficit - i.e. coincides with the standard situation in the commutative setting. For this purpose we recall some properties of balanced and bisymmetric quantales, introduce a definition of the spectrum of a C*-algebra working for the general case and develop subsequently its topological representation.
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