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- Kosar, M, et al.
(författare)
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The human nucleoporin Tpr protects cells from RNA-mediated replication stress
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 3937-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although human nucleoporin Tpr is frequently deregulated in cancer, its roles are poorly understood. Here we show that Tpr depletion generates transcription-dependent replication stress, DNA breaks, and genomic instability. DNA fiber assays and electron microscopy visualization of replication intermediates show that Tpr deficient cells exhibit slow and asymmetric replication forks under replication stress. Tpr deficiency evokes enhanced levels of DNA-RNA hybrids. Additionally, complementary proteomic strategies identify a network of Tpr-interacting proteins mediating RNA processing, such as MATR3 and SUGP2, and functional experiments confirm that their depletion trigger cellular phenotypes shared with Tpr deficiency. Mechanistic studies reveal the interplay of Tpr with GANP, a component of the TREX-2 complex. The Tpr-GANP interaction is supported by their shared protein level alterations in a cohort of ovarian carcinomas. Our results reveal links between nucleoporins, DNA transcription and replication, and the existence of a network physically connecting replication forks with transcription, splicing, and mRNA export machinery.
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| 4. |
- Seyedmirzaei Sarraf, S., et al.
(författare)
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Fundamentals, biomedical applications and future potential of micro-scale cavitation-a review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lab on a Chip. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1473-0197 .- 1473-0189. ; 22:12, s. 2237-2258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thanks to the developments in the area of microfluidics, the cavitation-on-a-chip concept enabled researchers to control and closely monitor the cavitation phenomenon in micro-scale. In contrast to conventional scale, where cavitation bubbles are hard to be steered and manipulated, lab-on-a-chip devices provide suitable platforms to conduct smart experiments and design reliable devices to carefully harness the collapse energy of cavitation bubbles in different bio-related and industrial applications. However, bubble behavior deviates to some extent when confined to micro-scale geometries in comparison to macro-scale. Therefore, fundamentals of micro-scale cavitation deserve in-depth investigations. In this review, first we discussed the physics and fundamentals of cavitation induced by tension-based as well as energy deposition-based methods within microfluidic devices and discussed the similarities and differences in micro and macro-scale cavitation. We then covered and discussed recent developments in bio-related applications of micro-scale cavitation chips. Lastly, current challenges and future research directions towards the implementation of micro-scale cavitation phenomenon to emerging applications are presented.
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| 6. |
- Gevari, Moein Talebian, et al.
(författare)
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Deagglomeration of nanoparticle clusters in a "cavitation on chip" device
- 2020
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Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AIP Publishing. - 2158-3226. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the potential of significant energy release in cavitating flows, early cavitation inception and intensification of cavitating flows are of great importance. To use this potential, we investigated the deagglomeration of nanoparticle clusters with the implementation of hydrodynamic cavitation in a microfluidic device. For this purpose, a microfluidic device with a micro-orifice geometry was designed and fabricated using standard microfabrication processes. The system was tested with distilled water in the assembled experimental setup. The flow patterns were characterized using the cavitation number and inlet pressure. Titania nanoparticles were utilized to prepare nanoparticle suspensions. The suspensions were heated to allow agglomeration of nanoparticles. The system was operated with the new working fluid (nanoparticle clusters) at different inlet pressures. After characterizing flow patterns, the flow patterns were compared with those of pure water. The deagglomeration effects of hydrodynamic cavitation on nanoparticle clusters showed the possibility to apply this method for the stabilization of nanoparticles, which paves way to the implementation of nanoparticle suspensions to thermal fluid systems for increased energy efficiency as well as to drug delivery. Our results also indicate that the presence of nanoparticles in the working fluid enhanced cavitation intensity due to the increase in the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites.
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| 7. |
- Park, Seung Hyun, et al.
(författare)
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Nonpharmaceutical interventions reduce the incidence and mortality of COVID-19: A study based on the survey from the International COVID-19 Research Network (ICRN)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Virology. - : WILEY. - 0146-6615 .- 1096-9071. ; 95:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recently emerged novel coronavirus, "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)," caused a highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has severely damaged the worlds most developed countries and has turned into a major threat for low- and middle-income countries. Since its emergence in late 2019, medical interventions have been substantial, and most countries relied on public health measures collectively known as nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We aimed to centralize the accumulative knowledge of NPIs against COVID-19 for each country under one worldwide consortium. International COVID-19 Research Network collaborators developed a cross-sectional online survey to assess the implications of NPIs and sanitary supply on the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. The survey was conducted between January 1 and February 1, 2021, and participants from 92 countries/territories completed it. The association between NPIs, sanitation supplies, and incidence and mortality were examined by multivariate regression, with the log-transformed value of population as an offset value. The majority of countries/territories applied several preventive strategies, including social distancing (100.0%), quarantine (100.0%), isolation (98.9%), and school closure (97.8%). Individual-level preventive measures such as personal hygiene (100.0%) and wearing facial masks (94.6% at hospitals; 93.5% at mass transportation; 91.3% in mass gathering facilities) were also frequently applied. Quarantine at a designated place was negatively associated with incidence and mortality compared to home quarantine. Isolation at a designated place was also associated with reduced mortality compared to home isolation. Recommendations to use sanitizer for personal hygiene reduced incidence compared to the recommendation to use soap. Deprivation of masks was associated with increased incidence. Higher incidence and mortality were found in countries/territories with higher economic levels. Mask deprivation was pervasive regardless of economic level. NPIs against COVID-19 such as using sanitizer, quarantine, and isolation can decrease the incidence and mortality of COVID-19.
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