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- Bjerre, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Positive health-care effects of an alcohol ignition interlock programme among driving while impaired (DWI) offenders
- 2007
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 102:11, s. 1771-1781
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To compare the costs of hospital care and sick leave/disability pensions between two groups of driving while impaired (DWI) offenders: participants in an alcohol ignition interlock programme (AIIP) and controls with revoked licences, but with no comparable opportunity to participate in an AIIP. Setting: As an alternative to licence revocation DWI offenders can participate in a voluntary 2-year AIIP permitting the offender to drive under strict regulations entailing regular medical check-ups. The participants are forced to alter their alcohol habits and those who cannot demonstrate sobriety are dismissed from the programme. Participants: are liable for all costs themselves. Design: Quasi-experimental, with a non-equivalent control group used for comparison; intent-to-treat design. Based on the number of occasions/days in hospital and on sick leave/disability pension, the health-care costs for public insurance have been calculated. Finding: Average total health-care costs were 25% lower among AIIP participants (1156 individuals) than among controls (815 individuals) during the 2-year treatment period. This corresponds to over €1000 (SEK9610) less annual costs per average participant. For those who complete the 2-year programme the cost reduction was more pronounced; 37% during the treatment and 20% during the post-treatment period. Conclusions: The positive health-care effects were due apparently to reduced alcohol consumption. The social benefit of being allowed to drive while in the AIIP may also have contributed. The reduction in health-care costs was significant only during the 2-year treatment period, but among those who completed the entire AIIP sustained effects were also observed in the post-treatment period. The effects were comparable to those of regular alcoholism treatment programmes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract)
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- Kostela, Johan, Doktor i Fysikalisk kemi, 1975-
(författare)
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Användning av alkolås som kvalitetssäkringsverktyg inom transportsektorn
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alkoholpåverkade förare är ett stort problem i Sverige, både inom privat- och yrkestrafik. För att få bukt med problemet väljer allt fler transportverksamheter att installera alkolås i sina fordon. Dalarnas forskningsråd har under år 2006 utfört en studie för att studera hur alkolås används inom transportsektorn för kvalitetssäkra transporter.
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- Kostela, Johan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical properties and diffusion of a redox active surfactant incorporated in bicontinuous cubic and lamellar phase
- 2005
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 50:16-17, s. 3333-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of the divalent redox active surfactant, N-cetyl-N′-methylviologen (CMV), in bicontinuous cubic and lamellar phases. The liquid crystalline phases were prepared from the system glycerolmonooleate (GMO)–water (and brine)–cationic surfactant. A comparison of the phase behaviour of GMO with the monovalent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the divalent CMV surfactant showed that the surfactants gave about the same effect at the same surface charge density. The electrochemical measurements were made with a mixture of CTAB and CMV as the surfactant. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemistry of CMV incorporated in the cubic and lamellar phases that were spread on a gold electrode. The E0-values in the cubic samples were more negative (−0.55 V versus SCE) than in the lamellar samples (−0.53 V versus SCE). This can be explained by the higher charge density in the lamellar phase. The diffusion coefficients were also measured in the cubic phase. The mass transport is slowed down about fifty times in the cubic phase compared to in the pure electrolyte. The concentration dependence on the diffusion coefficient was also investigated. No electron hopping could be observed, which suggest that diffusional movement of the redox probe is the main source of charge transport. By placing the samples on a conducting glass slide, spectroelectrochemical investigations were performed. In the lamellar phase strong dimerization was detected at high concentration of viologen, but much less in the cubic phase.
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- Kostela, Johan, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical properties of an amphiphilic viologen in differently charged micelles
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0022-0728 .- 1873-2569. ; 536:1-2, s. 97-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrochemical properties of N-tetradecyl-N′-methylviologen (TMV) in differently charged micelles were studied with a glassy carbon electrode using electrochemical techniques. The redox potential varied depending on the charge of the surrounding surfactants. When the viologen was situated in cationic micelles the redox potential for the 2+/1+ reaction was more positive than when situated in negatively charged micelles. The non-ionic micelles destabilised the 2+-state most showing the highest redox potentials. From studies of several different cationic micelles it was concluded that the most important parameter for the redox potential was the surface charge density. A calculation based on a simple model confirmed this. Other interactions also influenced the stability of the redox states. Adsorption, desorption and reorganisation of the surfactants at the electrode surface caused capacitive currents. To control the nonfaradaic current, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used in addition to cyclic voltammetry.
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| 10. |
- Kostela, Johan, Doktor i Fysikalisk kemi, 1975-
(författare)
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Electrochemical Studies of Redox Properties and Diffusion in Self-Assembled Systems
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis electron transfer reactions and diffusion of redox molecules in three different types of self-aggregated structures are investigated. Electrochemistry was used to investigate the redox potential and diffusion coefficients for redox active molecules with different polarity. The first aggregate system studied was the micellar phase. The role of electrostatic interactions in the stability of an amphiphilic viologen was investigated for differently charged micelles. It was concluded that the electrostatic environment changed the redox potential of the viologen. In differently charged micelles the redox potential was more negative compared to when the viologen was situated in micelles with the same charge.The second structure investigated is a very fascinating phase, the bicontinuous cubic phase, with its continuous channels of water and an apolar bilayer. Its domains with different polarity made it possible to solvate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. An amphiphilic molecule will have its head-group at the interface between the apolar and polar part, and can move lateral within the bilayer. All molecules investigated made contact with and reacted at the surface of the electrode. The diffusion of water bound species diffusing in the water channels was 3-4 times slower than in water. Hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules were much more hindered, probably because the cubic phase was not defect free.The third kind of structure studied was a lamellar system. This phase is built up from planar bilayers that are stacked with a repeating distance and with water in between. A hydrophilic molecule was severely hindered to move in the direction perpendicular to the bilayer plane. Upon addition of the peptide melittin the current increased, due to pore formation in the bilayer.
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