| 1. |
- Major, Balázs, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of plasma-core-induced self-guiding on phase matching of high-order harmonic generation in gases
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics. - 0740-3224. ; 36:6, s. 1594-1601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we numerically study a self-guiding process in which ionization plays a dominant role and analyze its effect on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases. Although this type of self-guiding-termed "plasmacore- induced self-guiding" in previous works-limits the achievable cutoff by regulating the intensity of the laser beam, it provides favorable conditions for phase matching, which is indispensable for high-flux-gas highharmonic sources. To underline the role of self-guiding in efficient HHG, we investigate the time-dependent phase-matching conditions in the guided beam and show how the spatiotemporally constant fundamental intensity contributes to the constructive buildup of the harmonic field in a broad photon energy range up to the provided cutoff.
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| 2. |
- Patterson, Nick, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; , s. 588-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain's independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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| 3. |
- Rivas, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Propagation-enhanced generation of intense high-harmonic continua in the 100-eV spectral region
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optica. - 2334-2536. ; 5:10, s. 1283-1289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of core electron dynamics through nonlinear spectroscopy requires intense isolated attosecond extremeultraviolet or even X-ray pulses. A robust way to produce these pulses is high-harmonic generation (HHG) in agas medium. However, the energy upscaling of the process depends on a very demanding next-generation laser technologythat provides multi-terawatt (TW) laser pulses with few-optical-cycle duration and controlled electric field.Here, we revisit the HHG process driven by 16-TW sub-two-cycle laser pulses to reach high intensity in the 100-eVspectral region and beyond. We show that the combination of above barrier-suppression intensity with a long generationmedium significantly enhances the isolation of attosecond pulses compared to lower intensities and/or shortermedia and this way reduces the pulse duration as well as field-stability requirements on the laser driver. This novelregime facilitates the real-time observation of electron dynamics at the attosecond timescale in atoms, molecules, andsolids.
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| 4. |
- Barta, Zsolt, et al.
(författare)
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Process design and economics of on-site cellulase production on various carbon sources in a softwood-based ethanol plant.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Enzyme Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-0414.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On-site cellulase enzyme fermentation in a softwood-to-ethanol process, based on S -catalysed steam pretreatment followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, was investigated from a techno-economic aspect using Aspen Plus and Aspen Icarus Process Evaluator softwares. The effect of varying the carbon source of enzyme fermentation, at constant protein and mycelium yields, was monitored through the whole process. Enzyme production step decreased the overall ethanol yield (270 L/dry tonne of raw material in the case of purchased enzymes) by 5–16 L/tonne. Capital cost was found to be the main cost contributor to enzyme fermentation, constituting to 60–78% of the enzyme production cost, which was in the range of 0.42–0.53 SEK/L ethanol. The lowest minimum ethanol selling prices (4.71 and 4.82 SEK/L) were obtained in those scenarios, where pretreated liquid fraction supplemented with molasses was used as carbon source. In some scenarios, on-site enzyme fermentation was found to be a feasible alternative.
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| 5. |
- Di Girolamo, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in reducing inequalities in cardiovascular disease mortality in Europe
- 2020
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Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 106, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess whether recent declines in cardiovascular mortality have benefited all socioeconomic groups equally and whether these declines have narrowed or widened inequalities in cardiovascular mortality in Europe.METHODS: In this prospective registry-based study, we determined changes in cardiovascular mortality between the 1990s and the early 2010s in 12 European populations by gender, educational level and occupational class. In order to quantify changes in the magnitude of differences in mortality, we calculated both ratio measures of relative inequalities and difference measures of absolute inequalities.RESULTS: Cardiovascular mortality has declined rapidly among lower and higher socioeconomic groups. Relative declines (%) were faster among higher socioeconomic groups; absolute declines (deaths per 100 000 person-years) were almost uniformly larger among lower socioeconomic groups. Therefore, although relative inequalities increased over time, absolute inequalities often declined substantially on all measures used. Similar trends were seen for ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality separately. Best performer was England and Wales, which combined large declines in cardiovascular mortality with large reductions in absolute inequalities and stability in relative inequalities in both genders. In the early 2010s, inequalities in cardiovascular mortality were smallest in Southern Europe, of intermediate magnitude in Northern and Western Europe and largest in Central-Eastern European and Baltic countries.CONCLUSIONS: Lower socioeconomic groups have experienced remarkable declines in cardiovascular mortality rates over the last 25 years, and trends in inequalities can be qualified as favourable overall. Nevertheless, further reducing inequalities remains an important challenge for European health systems and policies.
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| 6. |
- Hegedus, Csaba, et al.
(författare)
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Redox control of cancer cell destruction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Redox Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-2317. ; 16, s. 59-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox regulation has been proposed to control various aspects of carcinogenesis, cancer cell growth, metabolism, migration, invasion, metastasis and cancer vascularization. As cancer has many faces, the role of redox control in different cancers and in the numerous cancer-related processes often point in different directions. In this review, we focus on the redox control mechanisms of tumor cell destruction. The review covers the tumor intrinsic role of oxidants derived from the reduction of oxygen and nitrogen in the control of tumor cell proliferation as well as the roles of oxidants and antioxidant systems in cancer cell death caused by traditional anticancer weapons (chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy). Emphasis is also put on the role of oxidants and redox status in the outcome following interactions between cancer cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes and tumor infiltrating macrophages.
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| 7. |
- Kovacs, Gabor G., et al.
(författare)
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Heroin abuse exaggerates age-related deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau and p62-positive inclusions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 36:11, s. 3100-3107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The observation of increased hyperphosphorylated tau levels correlating with microglial activation in opiate abusers has been interpreted as predisposition to accelerated Alzheimer diseaseerelated changes. The present study focused on evaluating additional neurodegeneration-related proteins, including a-synuclein and TDP-43, and p62-positive deposits. We performed a systematic mapping of protein deposits in the brains of 27 individuals with documented heroin addiction (age: 19-40 years) and compared with 11 controls (age: 15-40 years). We confirm previous findings that heroin addiction associates with tau hyperphosphorylation in predilection brain areas for aging and Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, we show that this occurs also in areas implicated in the molecular disturbances and in vivo neuronal networks related to heroin abuse. There was, however, no presence of amyloid-beta deposits. We extend previous findings by showing the lack of TDP-43 or alpha-synuclein pathology and emphasize the independent effect of the duration of drug use on the appearance of age-related p62-positive neuritic profiles. These observations provide unique insights about neuropathological alterations in the brains of young heroin addicts and have implications about brain aging and the influences of environmental and toxic factors.
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| 8. |
- Kovacs, Gabor G, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropathology of the hippocampus in FTLD-Tau with Pick bodies : A study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium
- 2013
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Ingår i: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. - : Wiley. - 0305-1846 .- 1365-2990. ; 39:2, s. 166-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with Pick bodies (Pick's disease) is characterized by the presence of tau immunoreactive spherical structures in the cytoplasm of neurons. In view of confusion about the molecular pathology of Pick's disease, we aimed to evaluate the spectrum of tau pathology and concomitant neurodegeneration-associated protein depositions in the characteristically affected hippocampus. Methods: We evaluated immunoreactivity for tau (AT8, 3R, 4R), α-synuclein, TDP43, p62, and ubiquitin in the hippocampus, entorhinal and temporal cortex in 66 archival cases diagnosed neuropathologically as Pick's disease. Results: Mean age at death was 68.2 years (range 49 to 96). Fifty-two (79%) brains showed 3R immunoreactive spherical inclusions in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus. These typical cases presented mainly with the behavioural variant of FTD, followed by progressive aphasia, mixed syndromes or early memory disturbance. α-Synuclein immunoreactivity was seen only in occasional spherical tau-positive inclusions, TDP-43 IR was absent, and 4R IR was present only as neurofibrillary tangles in pyramidal neurons. Aβ immunoreactivity was observed in 16 cases; however, the overall level of Alzheimer's disease-related alterations was mainly low or intermediate (n = 3). Furthermore, we identified six cases with unclassifiable tauopathy. Conclusions: 1) Pick's disease may occur also in elderly patients and is characterized by a relatively uniform pathology with 3R tau inclusions particularly in the granule cells of dentate gyrus; 2) even minor deviation from these morphological criteria suggests a different disorder; and 3) immunohistological revision of archival cases expands the spectrum of tauopathies that require further classification.
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| 9. |
- Kovacs, Katalin T., et al.
(författare)
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Change in autoantibody and cytokine responses during the evolution of neuromyelitis optica in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus : A preliminary study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 22:9, s. 1192-1201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) association is a rare condition characterized by multiple autoantibodies. Objective: To examine if, during the evolution of NMO, anti-AQP4 responses are part of polyclonal B cell activation, and if T cell responses contribute. Methods: In 19 samples of six patients who developed NMO during SLE, we examined the correlation of AQP4-IgG1 and IgM with (i) anti-MOG IgG and IgM, (ii) anti-nuclear, anti-nucleosome and anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies, (iii) cytokines and chemokines in the serum and (iv) longitudinal relation to NMO relapses/remission. Results: AQP4-IgG1 was present 1-2-5 years before the first NMO relapse. During relapse, AQP4-IgG1, ANA, anti-dsDNA and anti-nucleosome antibodies were elevated. Anti-MOG IgG/IgM and AQP4-IgM antibodies were not detected. AQP4-IgG1 antibodies correlated with concentration of anti-nucleosome, IFN-γ,interferon-gamma-induced CCL10/IP-10 and CCL17/TARC (p
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| 10. |
- Leinsalu, Mall, et al.
(författare)
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Educational inequalities in mortality in four Eastern European countries : divergence in trends during the post-communist transition from 1990 to 2000
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 38, s. 512-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Post-communist transition has had a huge impact on mortality in Eastern Europe. We examined how educational inequalities in mortality changed between 1990 and 2000 in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and Hungary.METHODS:Cross-sectional data for the years around 1990 and 2000 were used. Age-standardized mortality rates and mortality rate ratios (for total mortality only) were calculated for men and women aged 35-64 in three educational categories, for five broad cause-of-death groups and for five (seven among women) specific causes of death.RESULTS:Educational inequalities in mortality increased in all four countries but in two completely different ways. In Poland and Hungary, mortality rates decreased or remained the same in all educational groups. In Estonia and Lithuania, mortality rates decreased among the highly educated, but increased among those of low education. In Estonia and Lithuania, for men and women combined, external causes and circulatory diseases contributed most to the increasing educational gap in total mortality.CONCLUSIONS:Different trends were observed between the two former Soviet republics and the two Central Eastern European countries. This divergence can be related to differences in socioeconomic development during the 1990s and in particular, to the spread of poverty, deprivation and marginalization. Alcohol and psychosocial stress may also have been important mediating factors.
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