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- Johnsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity and survival following breast cancer
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1365-2354 .- 0961-5423. ; 28:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION:Physical activity (PA) leads to improved survival in women following the diagnosis of breast cancer, but it is less clear whether PA has equally positive effects regardless of age at diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the association between post-diagnosis PA and survival in women aged below or over 55 years at diagnosis.METHODS:From a prospective population-based cohort of Swedish women, we included 847 women, aged 34-84 years, who were diagnosed with breast cancer from 1992 to 2012. A PA score was calculated based on three different questions regarding self-reported PA. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the association between PA and mortality.RESULTS:A significant association between PA score and all-cause mortality was observed, in a dose-response manner (ptrend = 0.01). The mortality was clearly lower in the most active compared to the least active group (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence intervals 0.09-0.90). A subgroup analysis showed that the improved survival was only seen in women over 55 years of age at diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Physical activity, which is a modifiable lifestyle factor, should be encouraged after breast cancer diagnosis, especially in women with post-menopausal breast cancer.
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| 4. |
- Kool, Anneleen, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Identification of Commercialized Medicinal Plants in Southern Morocco
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:6, s. e39459-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Medicinal plant trade is important for local livelihoods. However, many medicinal plants are difficult to identify when they are sold as roots, powders or bark. DNA barcoding involves using a short, agreed-upon region of a genome as a unique identifier for species-ideally, as a global standard. Research Question: What is the functionality, efficacy and accuracy of the use of barcoding for identifying root material, using medicinal plant roots sold by herbalists in Marrakech, Morocco, as a test dataset. Methodology: In total, 111 root samples were sequenced for four proposed barcode regions rpoC1, psbA-trnH, matK and ITS. Sequences were searched against a tailored reference database of Moroccan medicinal plants and their closest relatives using BLAST and Blastclust, and through inference of RAxML phylograms of the aligned market and reference samples. Principal Findings: Sequencing success was high for rpoC1, psbA-trnH, and ITS, but low for matK. Searches using rpoC1 alone resulted in a number of ambiguous identifications, indicating insufficient DNA variation for accurate species-level identification. Combining rpoC1, psbA-trnH and ITS allowed the majority of the market samples to be identified to genus level. For a minority of the market samples, the barcoding identification differed significantly from previous hypotheses based on the vernacular names. Conclusions/Significance: Endemic plant species are commercialized in Marrakech. Adulteration is common and this may indicate that the products are becoming locally endangered. Nevertheless the majority of the traded roots belong to species that are common and not known to be endangered. A significant conclusion from our results is that unknown samples are more difficult to identify than earlier suggested, especially if the reference sequences were obtained from different populations. A global barcoding database should therefore contain sequences from different populations of the same species to assure the reference sequences characterize the species throughout its distributional range.
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| 7. |
- Krüger, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Danaideae (Rubiaceae: Rubioideae) : Another example of out-of-Madagascar dispersal
- 2012
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 61:3, s. 629-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive efforts have been made to resolve the phylogeny of the large coffee family (Rubiaceae) based on molecular data. As a result, several small tribes have been described, but the phylogenies and generic delimitations for many of these groups remain unclear. This study focuses on the small tribe Danaideae that belongs to subfamily Rubioideae and whose generic limits have not previously been addressed with molecular data. It is the sole rubiaceous tribe distributed almost entirely in the Western Indian Ocean region, with the exception of the East African Danais xanthorrhoea. The tribe consists of three genera: Danais, Payera (including the monotypic genus Coursiana), and Schismatoclada. We present the first molecular phylogenetic study of Danaideae including representatives from all three genera and using Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods and sequence data from nuclear DNA (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA (petD, psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnL(UAG), rps16). Our main objectives were to rigorously test the monophyly of Danaideae as currently circumscribed and assess phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. The findings of this study shed light on the colonization history of the tribe. Our analyses reaffirm the monophyly of Danaideae and Danais but reveal the paraphyly of Payera and Schismatoclada. The close relationship between the three Danaideae genera and Coursiana is supported. However, we found very little support for the inclusion of the latter genus in Payera as proposed earlier. The tribe is resolved in two morphologically distinct major lineages, the highly supported Damns clade with lianescent habit (= Danais sensu Buchner & Puff) and the Payera-Schismatoclada clade with arborescent habit. The Malagasy and Mauritian specimens of Danais fragrans are not closely related, and we restrict D. fragrans to the Mauritian taxa and resurrect Danais lyallii Baker to accommodate the Malagasy D. fragrans. According to our analysis. Madagascar is the origin of all species of Danaideae occurring in the Comoro archipelago, East Africa, and Mauritius. The Mauritian and East African Danais each is the result of a single colonization event, while there were at least two independent colonization events to the Comoros.
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| 8. |
- Krüger, Åsa
(författare)
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Phylogenetic position and biogeography of the Madagascar-centered tribe Danaideae (Rubiaceae: Rubioideae).
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Western Indian Ocean Region (WIOR) is a biodiversity hotspot with a very large number of endemic taxa. The islands in the region differ in age, size and geological history, making a unique area and interesting place for studying biogeographic patterns. It has been shown in several studies that Africa is the main source of the Malagasy flora, and that transoceanic dispersal is the most common colonization mechanism in the WIOR. Here, we examine the phylogenetic position and biogeographical history of the Madagascar-centered tribe Danaideae of subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Previous studies showed conflicting topologies regarding the phylogenetic position of the tribe, implying contradicting biogeographical hypotheses. In our study Danaideae is resolved as sister to a subclade of the Spermacoceae alliance consisting of the two tribes Knoxieae and Spermacoceae. The ancestor of Danaideae is inferred to have been distributed in Africa and to have dispersed to Madagascar between 49.67 Mya and 13.47 Mya, where the crown group of Danaideae emerged 13.47 Mya. The tribe diversified in Madagascar and later colonized the neighboring islands: once to the Comoros in the northwest, and once to the Mascarenes in the east. The single species occurring in Tanzania is the result of a later long distance dispersal event from Madagascar to Africa. The dispersal events all took place in the Pliocene (from 5.3 Mya) and onwards, when Madagascar had become subject to both the northwestern Indian Monsoons and southeastern trade winds, which could facilitate dispersal events in both directions. Our results are consistent with several other studies, showing an African origin for the Malagasy flora and Madagascar being the main place of origin for plant species on the neighboring islands.
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| 9. |
- Krüger, Åsa, 1981-
(författare)
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Systematics and Biogeography of Western Indian Ocean Region Rubiaceae : examples from Danaideae, Hymenodictyeae, and Naucleeae
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the systematics and biogeography of the tribes Danaideae, Hymenodictyeae, and Naucleeae in the angiosperm family Rubiaceae (coffee family), with a special interest in the Western Indian Ocean region (WIOR). The levels of endemism in the WIOR are remarkably high and Madagascar is the largest island surrounded by three main archipelagos with islands of various age and size. Rubiaceae is one of the species-rich families in the region, rendering it a suitable group for addressing evolutionary and biogeographic questions.Danaideae consists of the two Malagasy endemic genera Payera and Schismatoclada, and the WIOR-centered Danais. The monophyly and generic delimitations of the tribe were tested with molecular data. The tribe was strongly supported as monophyletic, and resolved in two well-supported clades: the Danais and Payera-Schismatoclada clade. The ancestor of Danaideae was inferred to have dispersed from continental Africa to Madagascar, where the major diversification of the tribe took place in the Late Miocene to Pliocene. Danais colonized the neighbouring archipelagos between 6.54 and 2.98 Mya, and recolonized continental Africa once.The predominantly Paleotropical sister tribes Hymenodictyeae and Naucleeae belong to the mainly Neotropical subfamily Cinchonoideae. The monophyly of the Hymenodictyeae genera, Hymenodictyon and Paracorynanthe, received strong support. Naucleeae consists of 26 genera divided in seven subtribes. All subtribes were resolved as monophyletic, while seven genera are paraphyletic; as a result, we recognize 17 genera. Both our results and the fossil record support the hypothesis of a boreotropical distribution for the ancestor of the Hymenodictyeae-Naucleeae clade. All dispersal events in the WIOR took place in the Miocene or later. The Malagasy species were the result of separate dispersal events from Africa and Gyrostipula comorensis endemic to the Comoros is the result of a single dispersal event from Madagascar.
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| 10. |
- Löfstrand, Stefan D., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny and Generic Delimitations in the Sister Tribes Hymenodictyeae and Naucleeae (Rubiaceae)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Systematic Botany. - 0363-6445 .- 1548-2324. ; 39:1, s. 304-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Hymenodicteae-Naudeeae clade is a predominantly Paleotropical group with 220 species in 28 genera. The phylogertetic relationships and generic limits within Naucleeae have previously been assessed using combined molecular-morphological data, however the status of some genera remains questionable. The evolutionary relationships within Hymenodictyeae have never been investigated before. We performed phylogenetic analyses of the Hymenodictyeae-Naucleeae clade using nuclear [nrETS; nrITS] and chloroplast [ndhF; rbcL; rps16; trnT-F] data and a large sampling of both tribes. Our study supports the monophyly of the tribes, all subtribes of Naucleeae (Adininae, Breoniinae, Cephalanthinae, Corynantheinae, Mitragyninae, Naucleinae, and Uncariinae), and the Hymenodictyeae genera Hymenodictyon and Paracorynanthe. In Naucleeae, the monotypic genera Adinauclea, Metadina, and Pertusadina are nested within Adina, Mitragyna within Fleroya, Ludekia, Myrmeconauclea, and Ochreinauclea within Neonauclea, and Burttdavya and Sarcocephalus within Nauclea. Corynanthe and Pausinystalia are mutually paraphyletic. We provisionally maintain the current generic status of Neonauclea and its allied genera, pending further study. In sum, we recognize 17 genera in Naucleeae: Adina s. l., Breonadia, Breonia, Cephalanthus, Corynanthe s. l., Diyaminauclea, Gyrostipula, Janotia, Khasiaclunea, Ludekia, Mitragyna s. l., Myrmeconauclea, Nauclea s. l., Neolamarckia, Neonauclea, Ochreinauclea, and Uncaria. Five new combinations were made: Adina euryncha, Adina malaccensis, Corynanthe lane-poolei subsp. iturense, Corynanthe talbotii, and Nauclea nyasica.
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