| 1. |
- Abele, H., et al.
(författare)
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Particle physics at the European Spallation Source
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 1023, s. 1-84
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presently under construction in Lund, Sweden, the European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the world’s brightest neutron source. As such, it has the potential for a particle physics program with a unique reach and which is complementary to that available at other facilities. This paper describes proposed particle physics activities for the ESS. These encompass the exploitation of both the neutrons and neutrinos produced at the ESS for high precision (sensitivity) measurements (searches).
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| 2. |
- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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The ESSnuSB Design Study: Overview and Future Prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI. - 2218-1997. ; 9:8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ESSnuSB is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector at the second neutrino oscillation maximum using a neutrino beam driven by the uniquely powerful ESS linear accelerator. The reduced impact of systematic errors on sensitivity at the second maximum allows for a very precise measurement of the CP violating parameter. This review describes the fundamental advantages of measurement at the second maximum, the necessary upgrades to the ESS linac in order to produce a neutrino beam, the near and far detector complexes, and the expected physics reach of the proposed ESSnuSB experiment, concluding with the near future developments aimed at the project realization.
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| 3. |
- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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The European Spallation Source neutrino super-beam conceptual design report
- 2022
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Ingår i: The European Physical Journal Special Topics. - : Springer Nature. - 1951-6355 .- 1951-6401. ; 231:21, s. 3779-3955
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A design study, named ESSνSB for European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam, has been carried out during the years 2018–2022 of how the 5 MW proton linear accelerator of the European Spallation Source under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to produce the world’s most intense long-baseline neutrino beam. The high beam intensity will allow for measuring the neutrino oscillations near the second oscillation maximum at which the CP violation signal is close to three times higher than at the first maximum, where other experiments measure. This will enable CP violation discovery in the leptonic sector for a wider range of values of the CP violating phase δCPδCP and, in particular, a higher precision measurement of δCPδCP. The present Conceptual Design Report describes the results of the design study of the required upgrade of the ESS linac, of the accumulator ring used to compress the linac pulses from 2.86 ms to 1.2 μs, and of the target station, where the 5 MW proton beam is used to produce the intense neutrino beam. It also presents the design of the near detector, which is used to monitor the neutrino beam as well as to measure neutrino cross sections, and of the large underground far detector located 360 km from ESS, where the magnitude of the oscillation appearance of νe from νμ is measured. The physics performance of the ESSνSB research facility has been evaluated demonstrating that after 10 years of data-taking, leptonic CP violation can be detected with more than 5 standard deviation significance over 70% of the range of values that the CP violation phase angle δCPδCP can take and that δCPδCP can be measured with a standard error less than 8° irrespective of the measured value of δCPδCP. These results demonstrate the uniquely high physics performance of the proposed ESSνSBESSνSB research facility.
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| 4. |
- Burgman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Updated physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 81:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present the physics performance of the ESSnuSB experiment in the standard three flavor scenario using the updated neutrino flux calculated specifically for the ESSnuSB configuration and updated migration matrices for the far detector. Taking conservative systematic uncertainties corresponding to a normalization error of 5% for signal and 10% for background, we find that there is 10 sigma (13 sigma) CP violation discovery sensitivity for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km) at delta(CP) = +/- 90 degrees. The corresponding fraction of delta(CP )for which CP violation can be discovered at more than 5 sigma is 70%. Regarding CP precision measurements, the 1 sigma error associated with delta(CP )= 0 degrees is around 5 degrees and with delta(CP )= -90 degrees is around 14 degrees (7 degrees) for the baseline option of 540 km (360 km). For hierarchy sensitivity, one can have 3 sigma sensitivity for 540 km baseline except delta(CP) = +/- 90 degrees and 5 sigma sensitivity for 360 km baseline for all values of delta(CP). The octant of theta(23) can be determined at 30 for the values of: theta(23) > 51 degrees (theta(23) < 42 degrees and theta(23) > 49 degrees) for baseline of 540 km (360 km). Regarding measurement precision of the atmospheric mixing parameters, the allowed values at 3 sigma are: 40 degrees < theta(23) < 52 degrees (42 degrees < theta(23) < 51.5 degrees) and 2.485 x 10(-3) eV(2) < Delta(2)(m31) < 2.545 x 10(-3) eV(2) (2.49x 10(-3 ) eV(2) < Delta(2)(m31) < 2.54 x 10(-3) eV(2)) for the baseline of 540 km (360 km).
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| 5. |
- Folsom, B. T., et al.
(författare)
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Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H- beams
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9888. ; 24:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via chargeexchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowing high intensities of protons to be accumulated. However, this capability comes with the drawback that the outer electron of an H- ion has a low binding energy and can easily be stripped away prior to injection. This paper addresses the following stripping mechanisms: interactions with residual gas in the beam pipe, blackbody radiation from accelerator components, and electromagnetic fields from accelerator optics (Lorentz-force stripping) and particles within the bunch itself (intrabeam stripping); with a discussion on how to avoid excessive activation from stripped H degrees particles and protons. We also demonstrate that the proportion of stripped H degrees colliding with a nearby beam pipe or machine-element walls presents only roughly 10% of those lost in stripping; the remaining stripped particles traverse to the end of a linac or local straight section, which may relax the limits for allowable stripping-based beam loss in H- accelerators.
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| 6. |
- Kraljevic, N. Blaskovic, et al.
(författare)
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BEAM DYNAMICS FOR THE MAX IV TRANSVERSE DEFLECTING CAVITY BEAMLINE
- 2022
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Ingår i: LINAC 2022 - International Linear Accelerator Conference, Proceedings. - 2226-0366. - 9783954502158 ; , s. 566-569
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MAX IV 3 GeV linac delivers electron beams to two synchrotron rings and to a dedicated undulator system for X-ray beam delivery in the Short Pulse Facility (SPF). In addition, there are plans to use the linac as an injector for a future Soft X-ray Laser (SXL). For both SPF and SXL operations, longitudinal beam characterisation with a high temporal resolution is essential. For this purpose, a transverse deflecting cavity (TDC) system has been developed and is being installed in a dedicated electron beamline branch located downstream of the 3 GeV linac. This beamline consists of two consecutive 3 m long transverse S-band RF structures, followed by a variable vertical deflector dipole magnet used as an energy spectrometer. This conference contribution presents the beam dynamics calculations for the beam transport along the TDC beamline, and in particular the optics configurations for slice emittance and slice energy spread measurements. The operation of an analysis algorithm for use in the control room is discussed. The aim is to provide 1 fs temporal measurement resolution to access the bunch duration of highly compressed bunches and slice parameters for sub-10-fs bunches.
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