| 1. |
- Beausang, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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"Möjligheten att rädda några av dessa kvinnors liv har inte vägts in"
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Namnet på Socialstyrelsens vägledning lyder: Hur upptäcka våldsutsatthet? Ja, det kan man verkligen fråga sig efter att ha läst detta föga vägledande dokument, skriver ett stort antal kritiska debattörer.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Fors, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Camera-based sleepiness detection : final report of the project SleepEYE
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two literature reviews were conducted in order to identify indicators of driver sleepiness and distraction. Three sleepiness indicators – blink duration, blink frequency and Perclos – were implemented in the camera system.The aims of the study were firstly to develop and evaluate a low cost 1-camera unit for detection of driver impairment, and secondly to identify indicators of driver sleepiness and to create a sleepiness classifier for driving simulators.The project included two experiments. The first was a field test where 18 participants conducted one alert and one sleepy driving session on a motorway. 16 of the 18 participants also participated in the second experiment which was a simulator study similar to the field test.The field test data was used for evaluation of the 1-camera system, with respect to the sleepiness indicators. Blink parameters from the 1-camera system was compared to blink parameters obtained from a reference 3-camera system and from the EOG. It was found that the 1-camera system missed many blinks and that the blink duration was not in agreement with the blink duration obtained from the EOG and from the reference 3-camera system. However, the results also indicated that it should be possible to improve the blink detection algorithm since the raw data looked well in many cases where the algorithm failed to identify blinks.The sleepiness classifier was created using data from the simulator experiment. In the first step, the indicators identified in the literature review were implemented and evaluated. The indicators also included driving and context related parameters in addition to the blink related ones. The most promising indicators were then used as inputs to the classifier.
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| 4. |
- Fors, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of driver sleepiness in FOT data : final report of the project SleepEYE II, part 2
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Driver sleepiness contributes to a great number of motor vehicle accidents every year. In order to reduce the number of sleepiness related accidents, more knowledge on e.g. prevalence, countermeasures and driver behaviour is needed. Data from field operational tests (FOT) has a potential to provide such knowledge with high ecological validity. The objective of the project was to propose and evaluate methods for identification of driver sleepiness in FOT data. More specifically, the aim was to identify objective indicators of sleepiness – based on driving behaviour, eye blink behaviour and models of circadian rhythm – and to evaluate a subjective video scoring method for estimating driver sleepiness levels. Data from two separate projects were used: 1) the ViP-project SleepEYE, in which a controlled field test was conducted, and 2) euroFOT, which was a large scale FOT. In a first step the data quality of blink-based indicators obtained from a camera system was evaluated. It was concluded that the data quality had to be improved and thus, a new detection algorithm was devised and implemented. The new detection algorithm had an acceptable detection rate (approximately 50 %) when applied to data from the SleepEYE field test, but for euroFOT data the number of identified blinks was very low (< 5 blinks/min) in about half of the trips. There is thus a need for further improvements of the blink detection algorithm. An in-depth study on indicators of driver sleepiness was carried out using data collected in the SleepEYE experiment, with the purpose of employing the best indicators to study driver sleepiness in the euroFOT database. The most promising indicators were found to be mean blink duration and number of line crossings. A sleepiness classifier was suggested based on the distribution of the data (i.e. visual inspection). When applied to SleepEYE data the classifier was found to have good specificity while the sensitivity of the classifier was not so good. From euroFOT no true data on the drivers’ sleepiness levels were available and it was therefore not possible to evaluate the performance of the classifier. However, an explorative analysis showed that only very few data points were classified as sleepy. This may be reasonable since most trips were conducted during daytime, but it is a somewhat disappointing result for the project. A study was carried out on whether it is possible to use video recordings of drivers in order to estimate the drivers’ self-rated level of sleepiness. Forty participants rated 54 one-minute video clips of an equal number of sleepy and alert drivers on a scale with three levels (alert, first signs of sleepiness, very sleepy). The results of the study showed that performing such observer rated sleepiness (ORS) estimations on drivers is extremely difficult. The videos available in FOTs are usually of rather poor quality which, clearly limits the possibility of making reliable observer rated sleepiness estimations. In conclusion, studying driver sleepiness in (existing) FOT data is difficult, for several reasons: 1) eye camera based indicators suffer from detection errors and low detection rate, 2) driving-based indicators are influenced by e.g. road curvature and traffic density, 3) models of sleepiness cannot be used since no information on hours slept and time awake is available, and 4) video scoring is not reliable, at least not given the quality of the available video recordings. In future studies on driver sleepiness in FOTs sleepiness should be addressed in the FOT design. Some information about the drivers' sleep and sleepiness (ratings, sleep diaries, etc.) must be collected during the test; otherwise it will be very difficult to get any useful results.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Anna, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The essence of living parental liver donation--donors' lived experiences of donation to their children.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 8:4, s. 372-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of living parental liver donors will continue and probably increase because of lack of cadaveric livers for paediatric transplantation and the excellent graft survival of parental livers. Therefore, it is important for the health care professionals involved in living parental liver donation to understand the experience of being a liver donor. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressed deeper feelings of parents who donated a part of their liver to their own child. The study took the form of in-depth interviews with 11 donors. All donors were biological parents of the recipient, nine fathers and two mothers. The interpretive phenomenology method was used, and interpretive analysis was carried out in three interrelated processes in line with Benner. Data collection was guided by the researcher's preliminary understanding of the donor experience from being involved in the surgery and care of the donors as well as the paediatric recipients. However, the research question was approached from the perspective of holistic care for the donor. In this study, the essence of living parental liver donation was found to be the struggle for holistic confirmation. There were three categories leading to this central theme; the total lack of choice, facing the fear of death and the transition from health to illness. There was total agreement among the respondents that there is no choice when it comes to the question of donation. The findings in this study stress the importance of organizing the parental liver donation programme with as much focus on the donor as on the child. Based on the results of this study, several clinical implications are suggested for the formation of guidelines for living parental liver donation.
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| 6. |
- Fridell, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of psychiatric comorbidity on premature death in a cohort of patients with substance use disorders : A 42-year follow-up
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 19:1, s. 150-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We need to better understand how the use of different substances and psychiatric comorbidity influence premature death generally and cause-specific death by overdose, intoxication and somatic disorders in people with substance use disorders. Method: A cohort of 1405 patients consecutively admitted to a Swedish detoxification unit for substance use disorders in 1970-1995 was followed-up for 42 years. Substances were identified by toxicological analyses. Mortality figures were obtained from a national registry. Causes of death were diagnosed by forensic autopsy in 594 patients deceased by 2012. Predictions were calculated by competing risks analysis. Results: Forty-two per cent of the cohort died during follow-up; more men than women (46.3% vs 30.4%). The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated as the ratio of observed deaths in males and females in specific age groups in the cohort versus expected deaths in corresponding groups in the general population. SMR was 5.68 for men (CI 95%; 5.04-6.11) and 4.98 (CI 95%; 4.08-5.88) for women. The crude mortality rate (number of deaths divided by number of person observation years) was 2.28% for men and 1.87% for women. Opiates predicted increased risk of premature death while amphetamine and cannabis predicted lower risk. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were identified in 378 cases and personality disorders in 763 cases. Primary psychoses or mood/depression and anxiety disorders predicted a higher risk of premature mortality. Death by overdose was predicted by male gender, younger age at admission to substance treatment, opiate use, and comorbid depression and anxiety syndromes. Cannabis and amphetamine use predicted a lower risk of overdose. Death by intoxication was predicted by male gender, use of sedatives/hypnotics or alcohol/mixed substances, primary psychoses and depression/anxiety syndromes. Premature death by somatic disorder was predicted by male gender and alcohol/mixed abuse. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbid disorders were important risk factors for premature drug-related death. Early identification of these factors may be life-saving in the treatment of patients with substance use disorders.
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| 7. |
- Holmström, Inger K., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent callers in primary health care : a qualitative study with a nursing perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 73:3, s. 622-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To: (a) describe how telephone nurses define a frequent caller; and (b) describe their experiences with calls from frequent callers to primary healthcare centres.BACKGROUND: Telephone nursing has been noted to be a cost-effective method to enhance access to and use of health care. Some patients use these services extensively and are called 'frequent callers'. Little is known about this group of callers, the reasons behind these calls and telephone nurses' experiences and strategies to manage the calls.DESIGN: Descriptive design with a qualitative inductive approach.METHODS: Interviews were conducted with ten telephone nurses in Sweden in 2015. Qualitative content analysis was conducted.RESULTS: A main theme was established, called 'Balancing between the experienced and assessed needs', which described the telephone nurses' experiences with calls made by frequent callers to primary healthcare centres and was further described in five categories with 15 subcategories. The categories described telephone nurses' definitions of frequent callers, telephone nurses' views of the underlying reasons for the calls, challenges related to frequent callers, experiences with an increased work load and strategies used to manage and help frequent callers.CONCLUSION: Frequent callers were commonly encountered by telephone nurses' in this study. Their calls were experienced as complex and demanding to manage. The findings point to needs for guidelines and routines to improve the care of frequent callers. In addition, support and training in communication skills to encounter this group of callers in an optimal and safe way may be required.
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