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- Cvijovic, Marija, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for structuring interdisciplinary education in systems biology: An European perspective
- 2016
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Ingår i: npj Systems Biology and Applications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2056-7189. ; 2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems Biology is an approach to biology and medicine that has the potential to lead to a better understanding of how biological properties emerge from the interaction of genes, proteins, molecules, cells and organisms. The approach aims at elucidating how these interactions govern biological function by employing experimental data, mathematical models and computational simulations. As Systems Biology is inherently multidisciplinary, education within this field meets numerous hurdles including departmental barriers, availability of all required expertise locally, appropriate teaching material and example curricula. As university education at the Bachelor’s level is traditionally built upon disciplinary degrees, we believe that the most effective way to implement education in Systems Biology would be at the Master’s level, as it offers a more flexible framework. Our team of experts and active performers of Systems Biology education suggest here (i) a definition of the skills that students should acquire within a Master’s programme in Systems Biology, (ii) a possible basic educational curriculum with flexibility to adjust to different application areas and local research strengths, (iii) a description of possible career paths for students who undergo such an education, (iv) conditions that should improve the recruitment of students to such programmes and (v) mechanisms for collaboration and excellence spreading among education professionals. With the growing interest of industry in applying Systems Biology approaches in their fields, a concerted action between academia and industry is needed to build this expertise. Here we present a reflection of the European situation and expertise, where most of the challenges we discuss are universal, anticipating that our suggestions will be useful internationally. We believe that one of the overriding goals of any Systems Biology education should be a student’s ability to phrase and communicate research questions in such a manner that they can be solved by the integration of experiments and modelling, as well as to communicate and collaborate productively across different experimental and theoretical disciplines in research and development.
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- Dittmar, Jakob, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Teaching Methods for Drawing and Visual Narratives
- 2021
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to Covid19, all teaching on our comics courses has been moved online, including workshops and exercises on drawing, image composition, and development of visual narratives. As the focus is on sketching and sequence composition processes, as critique and reflection is closely connected to work-in-progress, the move to distance teaching has removed the partners in these processes and conversations from one another. With tight budgets, no dedicated software-licences are bought, but the idea is to use what we have and add as little necessary freeware as needed / possible. While lecturing on and introducing to theoretical backgrounds, techniques, and examples on distance has continued to work quite well, the need to optimise student learning on online design assignments and workshops has been a challenge. It was understood before we had to move all teaching online that developing drawing skills as well as advancing the understanding of pictorial sequential narratives depends on continuous feedback between teachers and students as well as peer-learning between the students. But in practice, this has been the biggest challenge. We have been forced to develop alternative strategies and methods for teaching visual composition processes, showcasing as well as exercising comics-production processes. Didactic strategies have been developed to overcome the restrictions caused by online low-resolution visuals, the inability to unobtrusively observe and participate in design processes, to involve all students actively in critique-sessions, etc. In due consequence, we are putting together a kind of tool-box for teaching and workshopping on visual gestaltung online. We would like to present the results and invite the participants of this workshop to play through and discuss them to help us understand what is needed to make them work for other teachers on other courses that teach visualising / drawing / visual narratives.
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- Dotevall, Annika, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing and Balance Exceed Initial Bone Mineral Density in Predicting Incident Fractures: A 25-Year Prospective Observational Study in Menopausal Women With Osteoporosis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jbmr Plus. - : Wiley. - 2473-4039. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hearing and balance deteriorate, and fracture incidence increases with age, especially in women. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether impaired hearing and body balance are stronger predictors of fractures than bone mass. Between 1995 and 1997, 80 women, aged 50 to 70 years, with primary osteoporosis, taking menopausal hormone therapy, mainly for menopausal symptoms, participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of treatment with growth hormone versus placebo. All women received calcium 750 mg and vitamin D 400 U daily. They were then examined yearly until 2007 and followed up by registers until 2020. Hearing was assessed by audiometry. Body balance and fine motor function were tested according to the Bruininks-Oseretsky test. Bone properties were measured with DXA. Data on fractures were derived from the Gothenburg Hospital register. Over the 25-year follow-up, 50 women (63%) sustained 104 fractures, most often related to accidental falls. Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures were most common (36%). Other fractures occurred in the pelvis (14%), humerus (14%), hip (11%), and wrist (10%). Hearing impairment at baseline, measured as pure tone average-high (p = 0.007), pure tone average-mid (p = 0.003), and speech-recognition score (p = 0.025), was associated with a subsequent first fracture, as were worse body balance (p = 0.004), upper limb coordination (p = 0.044), and higher running-speed agility (p = 0.012). After adjustment for age and BMD, pure tone average-high (p = 0.036), pure tone average-mid (p = 0.028), and body balance (p = 0.039) were still significantly associated with incident fractures. Bone mineral content, BMD, and treatment at baseline were not associated with subsequent fracture. In conclusion, hearing and body balance at baseline exceeded initial BMD in predicting incident fractures in osteoporotic women regardless of treatment during 25-year follow-up. (c) 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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- Forsberg, Anna, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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The essence of living parental liver donation--donors' lived experiences of donation to their children.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pediatric transplantation. - : Wiley. - 1397-3142 .- 1399-3046. ; 8:4, s. 372-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of living parental liver donors will continue and probably increase because of lack of cadaveric livers for paediatric transplantation and the excellent graft survival of parental livers. Therefore, it is important for the health care professionals involved in living parental liver donation to understand the experience of being a liver donor. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressed deeper feelings of parents who donated a part of their liver to their own child. The study took the form of in-depth interviews with 11 donors. All donors were biological parents of the recipient, nine fathers and two mothers. The interpretive phenomenology method was used, and interpretive analysis was carried out in three interrelated processes in line with Benner. Data collection was guided by the researcher's preliminary understanding of the donor experience from being involved in the surgery and care of the donors as well as the paediatric recipients. However, the research question was approached from the perspective of holistic care for the donor. In this study, the essence of living parental liver donation was found to be the struggle for holistic confirmation. There were three categories leading to this central theme; the total lack of choice, facing the fear of death and the transition from health to illness. There was total agreement among the respondents that there is no choice when it comes to the question of donation. The findings in this study stress the importance of organizing the parental liver donation programme with as much focus on the donor as on the child. Based on the results of this study, several clinical implications are suggested for the formation of guidelines for living parental liver donation.
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- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes and their determinants in rural Vietnam 1999-2005
- 2010
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Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 24:6, s. 535-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population-based estimations of perinatal and neonatal outcomes are sparse in Vietnam. There are no previously published data on small for gestational age (SGA) infants. A rural population in northern Vietnam was investigated from 1999 to 2005 (n = 5521). Based on the birthweight distributions within the population under study, reference curves for intrauterine growth for Vietnamese infants were constructed and the prevalence and distribution of SGA was calculated for each sex. Neonatal mortality was estimated as 11.6 per 1000 live births and the perinatal mortality as 25.0 per 1000 births during the study period. The mean birthweight was 3112 g and the prevalence of low birthweight was 5.0%. The overall prevalence of SGA was 6.4%. SGA increased with gestational age and was 2.2%, 4.5% and 27.1% for preterm, term and post-term infants, respectively. Risk factors for SGA were post-term birth: adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.75 [95% CI 6.02, 9.98], mothers in farming occupations AOR 1.72 [95% CI 1.21, 2.45] and female infant AOR 1.61 [95% CI 1.27, 2.03]. There was a pronounced decrease in neonatal mortality after 33 weeks of gestation. Suggested interventions are improved prenatal identification of SGA infants by ultrasound investigation for fetal growth among infants who do not follow their expected clinical growth curve at the antenatal clinic. Other suggestions include allocating a higher proportion of preterm deliveries to health facilities with surgical capacity and neonatal care.
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| 8. |
- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal health care professionals' perspectives on the provision and use of antenatal and delivery care : a qualitative descriptive study in rural Vietnam
- 2010
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Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 10:1, s. 608-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High quality maternal health care is an important tool to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. Services offered should be evidence based and adapted to the local setting. This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives and experiences of midwives, assistant physicians and medical doctors on the content and quality of maternal health care in rural Vietnam. METHOD: The study was performed in a rural district in northern Vietnam. Four focus group discussions with health care professionals at primary health care level were conducted. The data was analysed using qualitative manifest and latent content analysis. Result Two main themes emerged: "Contextual conditions for maternal health care" and "Balancing between possibilities and constraints". Contextual conditions influenced both pregnant women's use of maternal health care and health care professionals' performance. The study participants stated that women's uses of maternal health care were influenced by economical constraints and cultural norms that impeded their autonomy in relation to childbearing. Structural constraints within the health care system included inadequate financing of the primary health care, resulting in lack of human resources, professional re-training and adequate equipment. CONCLUSION: Contextual conditions strongly influenced the performance and interaction between pregnant women and health care professionals within antenatal care and delivery care in a rural district of Vietnam. Although Vietnam is performing comparatively well in terms of low maternal and child mortality figures, this study revealed midwives' and other health care professionals' perceived difficulties in their daily work. It seemed maternal health care was under-resourced in terms of staff, equipment and continuing education activities. The cultural setting in Vietnam constituting a strong patriarchal society and prevailing Confucian norms limits women's autonomy and reduce their possibility to make independent decisions about their own reproductive health. This issue should be further addressed by policy-makers. Strategies to reduce inequities in maternal health care for pregnant women are needed. The quality of client-provider interaction and management of pregnancy may be strengthened by education, human resources, re-training and provision of essential equipment.
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| 9. |
- Graner, Sophie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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'Normal foetal movements make me happy' : a qualitative study on pregnant women's perception on signs and symtoms during pregnancy and maternal helath care in rural Vietnam
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Women's understanding of pregnancy and antenatal care is influneced by their cultural context. In low income settings women may have limited influence over their reproductive health including when to seek health care. Awareness of signs of pregnancy complications is essential to seek timely care. The use of antenatal care services in Vietnam has been studied with quantatative methods but there are few qualitative studies on the perception of pregnancy and maternal health care among Vietnamse women. Method: The study was conducted in a rural district in northern Vietnam. Four focus group discussions with pregnant women were performed. The data was analysed using manifest and latent content analysis. Result: The latent theme 'Securing pregnancy during normal course and at deviation' consisting of the main categories 'Ensuring a healthy pregnancy' and 'Seperating the normal from the abnormal' emerged. Conclusion: This qualitative study of pregnant women in rural Vietnam indicates how women create a stategy to promote a healthy pregnancy through lifestyle adjustments, gathering of information, and seeking timely medical care. Insight in pregnancy-related conditions were sought from various sources and influenced both by Vietnamese traditions and modern medical knowledge. Public knowledge about deviating symtoms during pregnancy and high confidence in maternal health care are most likely contributing factors to the relative good maternal health status in Vietnam.
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| 10. |
- Graner, Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnant women's perception on signs and symptoms during pregnancy and maternal health care in a rural low-resource setting
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:9, s. 1094-1100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Women's understanding of pregnancy and antenatal care is influenced by their cultural context. In low-income settings women may have limited influence over their reproductive health, including when to seek health care. Awareness of signs of pregnancy complications is essential for timely care. The use of antenatal care services in Vietnam has been studied with quantitative methods but there are few qualitative studies on the perceptions of pregnancy and maternal health care among Vietnamese women. Design. Four focus group discussions with pregnant women were performed. Setting. The study was conducted in a rural district in northern Vietnam. Population. Pregnant women in the last trimester. Method. Manifest and latent content analysis. Result. The latent theme that emerged was a need for "securing pregnancy during its normal course and at deviation", consisting of the main categories "ensuring a healthy pregnancy" and "separating the normal from the abnormal". Conclusion. This qualitative study of pregnant women in rural Vietnam indicates how women create a strategy to promote a healthy pregnancy through lifestyle adjustments, gathering of information, and seeking timely medical care. Insight into pregnancy-related conditions was sought from various sources and influenced both by local traditions and modern medical knowledge. Public knowledge about different symptoms during pregnancy and a high confidence in maternal health care are the most likely contributing factors to the relatively good maternal health status in Vietnam.
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