| 1. |
- Blöcher, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Descent, marriage, and residence practices of a 3,800-year-old pastoral community in Central Eurasia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our understanding of prehistoric societal organization at the family level is still limited. Here, we generated genome data from 32 individuals from an approximately 3,800-y-old burial mound attributed to the Bronze Age Srubnaya-Alakul cultural tradition at the site of Nepluyevsky, located in the Southern Ural region of Central Eurasia. We found that life expectancy was generally very low, with adult males living on average 8 y longer than females. A total of 35 first-degree, 40 second-degree, and 48 third-degree biological relationships connected 23 of the studied individuals, allowing us to propose a family tree spanning three generations with six brothers at its center. The oldest of these brothers had eight children with two women and the most children overall, whereas the other relationships were monogamous. Notably, related female children above the age of five were completely absent from the site, and adult females were more genetically diverse than males. These results suggest that biological relationships between male siblings played a structural role in society and that descent group membership was based on patrilineality. Women originated from a larger mating network and moved to join the men, with whom they were buried. Finally, the oldest brother likely held a higher social position, which was expressed in terms of fertility.
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| 2. |
- Gashi, Bersant, et al.
(författare)
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Investigations of Active Antenna Doherty Power Amplifier Modules Under Beam-Steering Mismatch
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. - 1558-1764 .- 1531-1309. ; 28:10, s. 930-932
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter investigates the performance of a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) in an 8 x 1 active antenna transmitter module under an average voltage-standing-wave ratio of 4 : 1 induced by the array 1-D beam steering and mutual coupling. The GaN-based DPA and a 2 x 1 segment of the array are verified via measurements at the operating frequency of 3.5 GHz. The co-design and co-simulation of both the antenna array and the behavioral model of the DPA show that the inherent back-off efficiency benefit-when compared to traditionally used class-AB and -B amplifiers in base stations-can be maintained when restricting the beam-steering angle, in this case theta is an element of [-45 degrees, 45 degrees], and operational bandwidth of the combined system.
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| 3. |
- Ling, Johan, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Moving metals IV: Swords, metal sources and trade networks in Bronze Age Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- European Bronze Age swords had high functional and symbolic value, and therefore they are an interesting case for approaching questions of provenance and trade in Bronze Age Europe. It is often assumed that there is a strong affinity between metal supplies and artefact type. However, this study demonstrates that metal supply and sword types are mostly unrelated. In this paper we present a comparative provenance study of 118 Bronze Age swords, which includes lead isotope and trace elemental data for swords from Scandinavia, Germany and Italy dated between 1600 and 1100 BCE. About 70% of the swords have been analysed and published before while about 30% have been sampled and analysed for this study. The chronology and geography of the deposited swords indicate that the different regions relied on different metal trade routes which changed during the course of the Bronze Age. The analytical data indicates that the largest variation of the origin of copper is in the period of 1600–1500 BCE, when copper ores from Wales, Austria and Slovakia constituted the major copper sources for the swords. There is a visible change around 1500 BCE, when copper mines in the Italian Alps become the main suppliers for Scandinavian and Italian swords, while swords from Germany were foremost based on copper from Slovakia and Austria. Further, in the period 1300–1100 BCE the sources in the Italian Alps became the dominant supplier of copper for the swords in all regions discussed here.
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