| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
-
Preharvest Measures for Increased Biosafety of Field Grown Crops
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 922, s. 269-276
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable consumption have increased worldwide. Contamination may occur at any point during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water and organic manure as major routes for contamination. Microbial related sickness causes considerable and in some cases life-long suffering and death as well as substantial economic losses. In this study we focused on irrigation water quality from surface water sources. The study was divided into three parts (i) monitoring of the hygienic status of five surface water sources in Southern Sweden, (ii) selection of indicator organisms for an irrigation water quality criteria and (iii) improvement of surface water with inferior microbial quality. Water samples were collected in both a long-and short-term study and analyzed with respect to process indicators and indicators for short term and long term fecal contamination as well as enteric pathogens. Considerable variation occurred between and within sampling incidents and between categories of surface water sources, with lake and creek water as the most hazardous sources. Salmonella spp. was identified repeatedly in four of five surface water sources. Due to high similarity, E. coli may serve as a sole parameter for short term contamination. This together with the analysis of intestinal enterococci and Salmonella spp., should be integrated in a future risk assessment of surface water. Photocatalytic water treatment reduced the number of all indicator organisms and therefore appears to be a potential tool to improve surface water of inferior quality.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Kristensen, Lilly, et al.
(författare)
-
Hallonplantans fysiologi och näringsbehov : en litteraturgenomgång
- 2010
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SUMMARY Raspberries are highly adaptable to different growing conditions and soils, but ideal conditions are well fertilized soils with a pH of 5.5-6. Since raspberries are perennials with the fruit developing on last year´s laterals, this has to be considered when managing and fertilizing the plants. The size of the raspberry crop is mainly decided during the first year of growing when the fruit buds are developed, but can be effected by the environment and pruning during year two. Primocanes and floricanes are competing for light, which can be controlled by different methods of pruning. The plants need for the nutrients vary during the growing season as does the uptake ability, but most of the uptake takes places during spring with a peak in June/July. The vegetative primocanes and the generative floricanes have different nutrition needs. For the vegetative growth primarily nitrogen is needed, but for the fruit development potassium is most important. The plants distribute the nutrients to different parts based on the current need. When applied at budbreak, most of the nitrogen is distributed to fruit, fruitbuds and primocanes. When applied two months after budbreak, most of the nitrogen is used for primocane growth. The vegetative growth continues throughout the whole growing season until October. A general, long term fertilizing schedule could be designed as follows: Nitrogen 60-100 kg/ha, from spring to harvest; Phosphorus 20-40 kg/ha, spring; Potassium 80-120 kg/ha, spring, June, September; Magnesium 12-15 kg/ha, before, during and after flowering, after harvest Micronutrients should be applied as a foliar spray to avoid binding of the nutrients to the soil, and should be based on foliar nutrient analysis
|
|
| 5. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
-
Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
|
|
| 6. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Taddei, C, et al.
(författare)
-
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 582:7810, s. 73-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.
|
|
| 9. |
- Trodahl, Marta, et al.
(författare)
-
The Regeneration of the Lofoten Vortex through Vertical Alignment
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 50:9, s. 2689-2711
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Observations from the past decades have promoted the idea of a long-lived anticyclonic vortex residing in the Lofoten Basin. Despite repeatedly recorded intense anticyclones, the observations cannot firmly decide whether the signature is of a single vortex or a succession of ephemeral vortices. A vortex persisting for decades requires some reinvigoration mechanism. Wintertime convection and vortex merging have been proposed candidates. We examine Lofoten Basin vortex dynamics using a high-resolution regional ocean model. The model is initialized from a coarser state with a weak eddy field. The slope current intensifies and sheds anticyclonic eddies that drift into the basin. After half a year, an anticyclone arrives at the center, providing the nucleus for a vortex that remains distinct throughout the simulation. Analyses show that this vortex is regenerated by repeated absorption and vertical stacking of lighter anticyclones. This compresses and—in concert with potential vorticity conservation—intensifies the combined vortex, which becomes more vertically stratified and also expels some fluid in the process. Wintertime convection serves mainly to vertically homogenize and densify the vortex, rather than intensifying it. Further, topographic guiding of anticyclones shed from the continental slope is vital for the existence and reinvigoration of the Lofoten vortex. These results offer a new perspective on the regeneration of oceanic anticyclones. In this scenario the Lofoten vortex is maintained through repeated merging events. Fluid remains gradually exchanged, although the vortex is identifiable as a persistent extremum in potential vorticity.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
