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- Angelov, Angel G., et al.
(författare)
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Four-decision tests for stochastic dominance, with an application to environmental psychophysics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of mathematical psychology (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-2496 .- 1096-0880. ; 93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the survival function of a random variable X lies to the right of the survival function of a random variable Y, then X is said to stochastically dominate Y. Inferring stochastic dominance is particularly complicated because comparing survival functions raises four possible hypotheses: identical survival functions, dominance of X over Y, dominance of Y over X, or crossing survival functions. In this paper, we suggest four-decision tests for stochastic dominance suitable for paired samples. The tests are permutation-based and do not rely on distributional assumptions. One-sided Cramér–von Mises and Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics are employed but the general idea may be utilized with other test statistics. The power to detect dominance and the different types of wrong decisions are investigated in an extensive simulation study. The proposed tests are applied to data from an experiment concerning the individual’s willingness to pay for a given environmental improvement.
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- Angelov, Angel G., 1983-
(författare)
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Methods for interval-censored data and testing for stochastic dominance
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis includes four papers: the first three of them are concerned with methods for interval-censored data, while the forth paper is devoted to testing for stochastic dominance.In many studies, the variable of interest is observed to lie within an interval instead of being observed exactly, i.e., each observation is an interval and not a single value. This type of data is known as interval-censored. It may arise in questionnaire-based studies when the respondent gives an answer in the form of an interval without having pre-specified ranges. Such data are called self-selected interval data. In this context, the assumption of noninformative censoring is not fulfilled, and therefore the existing methods for interval-censored data are not necessarily applicable.A problem of interest is to estimate the underlying distribution function. There are two main approaches to this problem: (i) parametric estimation, which assumes a particular functional form of the distribution, and (ii) nonparametric estimation, which does not rely on any distributional assumptions. In Paper A, a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for self-selected interval data is proposed and its consistency is shown. Paper B suggests a parametric maximum likelihood estimator. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are proven.Another interesting problem is to infer whether two samples arise from identical distributions. In Paper C, nonparametric two-sample tests suitable for self-selected interval data are suggested and their properties are investigated through simulations.Paper D concerns testing for stochastic dominance with uncensored data. The paper explores a testing problem which involves four hypotheses, that is, based on observations of two random variables X and Y, one wants to discriminate between four possibilities: identical survival functions, stochastic dominance of X over Y, stochastic dominance of Y over X, or crossing survival functions. Permutation-based tests suitable for two independent samples and for paired samples are proposed. The tests are applied to data from an experiment concerning the individual's willingness to pay for a given environmental improvement.
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- Angelov, Angel G., et al.
(författare)
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Quantile regression with interval-censored data in questionnaire-based studies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Computational statistics (Zeitschrift). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0943-4062 .- 1613-9658. ; 39:2, s. 583-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interval-censored data can arise in questionnaire-based studies when the respondent gives an answer in the form of an interval without having pre-specified ranges. Such data are called self-selected interval data. In this case, the assumption of independent censoring is not fulfilled, and therefore the ordinary methods for interval-censored data are not suitable. This paper explores a quantile regression model for self-selected interval data and suggests an estimator based on estimating equations. The consistency of the estimator is shown. Bootstrap procedures for constructing confidence intervals are considered. A simulation study indicates satisfactory performance of the proposed methods. An application to data concerning price estimates is presented.
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- B. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-country analysis of residential electricity demand in 11 OECD-countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655 .- 1873-0221. ; 39, s. 68-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide consistent, cross-country estimates of price and income elasticity for households in 11 OECD countries. Using survey data from 2011 on annual consumption of electricity and sample-derived average electricity price, we provide country-specific price elasticity estimates and average income elasticity estimates. For most countries in our sample, we find strong price responsiveness, with elasticities varying (in absolute value) between 0.27 for South Korea and 1.4 for Australia, and higher than 0.5 for most countries. Exploiting the presence of many attitudinal indicators in the dataset, we provide evidence that non-price related factors to affect energy demand; in particular, households' self-reported energy savings behaviour reduces demand between 2 and 4%. In contrast, we find very weak income responsiveness, with income elasticities varying from 0.07 to 0.16 and no evidence for heterogeneity across the countries in our sample. Our results regarding price elasticity are in contrast with those of many existing studies which find low-to-moderate price responsiveness, and adds to a few recent studies indicating more policy space for demand reduction than previously thought.
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- B. Krishnamurthy, Chandra Kiran, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of the Price-Premium for Green Energy : Evidence from an OECD Cross-Section
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental and Resource Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6460 .- 1573-1502. ; 64:2, s. 173-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using data from a survey of households in 11 OECD countries, this paper investigates the determinants of preferences for a completely green residential electricity system. Three important questions are addressed: (i) how much are households willing to pay to use only renewable energy? (ii) does willingness-to-pay (WTP) vary significantly across household groups and countries? and (iii) what drives the decision to enter the (hypothetical) market for green energy and, given entry, what drives the level of WTP? The analysis here differs from previous studies on green energy in two ways: first, data and analyses are comparable across countries and second, a comprehensive attempt is made to understand 0 WTP, and to accommodate-using a censored quantile regression (CQR) framework-unobserved heterogeneity. The survey data indicate a low WTP, at 11-12 % of current electric bill. This study also addresses a key question: how important is income for understanding WTP, relative to more "attitudinal" determinants? The effect of income overall appears ambiguous, with Tobit-like models indicating that income is not significant while the CQR indicates that income exerts a significant effect near the center of the distribution of WTP. Across all frameworks used, a key determinant of WTP appears to be environmental attitudes, particularly membership in an environmental organization.
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- Belyaev, Yuri, et al.
(författare)
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Approach to Analysis of Self-Selected Interval Data
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We analyze an approach to quantitative information elicitation in surveys that includes many currently popular variants as special cases. Rather than asking the individual to state a point estimate or select between given brackets, the individual can self-select any interval of choice. We propose a new estimator for such interval censored data. It can be viewed as an extension of Turnbull’s estimator (Turnbull (1976)) for interval censored data. A detailed empirical example is provided, using a survey on the valuation of a public good. We estimate survival functions based on a Weibull and a mixed Weibull/exponential distribution and prove that a consistent maximum likelihood estimator exists and that its accuracy can be consistently estimated by re-sampling methods in these two families of distributions.
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