| 1. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Football training improves cardiovascular health profile in sedentary, premenopausal hypertensive women
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:Suppl. 1, s. 36-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study examined the effects of short-term recreational football training on blood pressure (BP), fat mass, and fitness in sedentary, 35-50-year-old premenopausal women with mild hypertension. Forty-one untrained, hypertensive women were randomized into a football training group (n=21; FTG) and a control group (n=20; CON). FTG performed 45 +/- 1 1-h small-sided football training sessions during the 15-week intervention period. BP, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), blood lipid profile, and fitness level were determined pre- and post-intervention. After 15 weeks, systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, were lowered more (P<0.05) in FTG (-12 +/- 3 and -6 +/- 2mmHg) than in CON (-1 +/- 1 and 1 +/- 2mmHg). Total body fat mass decreased more (P<0.05) in FTG than in CON during the 15-week intervention period (-2.3 +/- 0.5kg vs 0.4 +/- 0.3kg). After 15 weeks, both total cholesterol (-0.4 +/- 0.1mmol/L vs 0.1 +/- 0.2mmol/L) and triglyceride (-0.2 +/- 0.1mmol/L vs 0.3 +/- 0.2mmol/L) were lowered more (P<0.05) in FTG than in CON. Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test performance increased more (P<0.05) in FTG than in CON (111 +/- 18% vs 1 +/- 3%) during the 15-week intervention period. In conclusion, short-term football training resulted in a marked reduction in BP and induced multiple improvements in fitness and cardiovascular health profile of untrained, premenopausal women with mild hypertension.
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| 2. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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High-Intensity intermittent swimming improves cardiovascular health status for women with mild hypertension
- 2014
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Ingår i: BioMed Research International. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 2314-6133 .- 2314-6141. ; 2014
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test the hypothesis that high-intensity swim training improves cardiovascular health status in sedentary premenopausal women with mild hypertension, sixty-two women were randomized into high-intensity (n = 21; HIT), moderate-intensity (n = 21; MOD), and control groups (n = 20; CON). HIT performed 6-10 × 30 s all-out swimming interspersed by 2 min recovery and MOD swam continuously for 1 h at moderate intensity for a 15-week period completing in total 44 ± 1 and 43 ± 1 sessions, respectively. In CON, all measured variables were similar before and after the intervention period. Systolic BP decreased (P < 0.05) by 6 ± 1 and 4 ± 1 mmHg in HIT and MOD; respectively. Resting heart rate declined (P < 0.05) by 5 ± 1 bpm both in HIT and MOD, fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.1 ± 0.2 and 2.2 ± 0.3 kg, respectively, while the blood lipid profile was unaltered. In HIT and MOD, performance improved (P < 0.05) for a maximal 10 min swim (13 ± 3 % and 22 ± 3 %), interval swimming (23 ± 3 % and 8 ± 3 %), and Yo-Yo IE1 running performance (58 ± 5 % and 45 ± 4 %). In conclusion, high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective training strategy to improve cardiovascular health and physical performance in sedentary women with mild hypertension. Adaptations are similar with high- and moderate-intensity training, despite markedly less total time spent and distance covered in the high-intensity group. © 2014 Magni Mohr et al.
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| 3. |
- Skoradal, M. B., et al.
(författare)
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Football training improves metabolic and cardiovascular health status in 55-to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 28, s. 42-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the effects of 16 weeks of football training and dietary advice on blood glucose control and health status in 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes. Fifty participants with prediabetes (age; 61 +/- 6 years, BMI; 29.6 +/- 4.7; VO2max 22.3 +/- 5.7 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) were randomized into a football and dietary ad- vice group (F+D; n = 27) and a dietary advice group (D; n = 23). F+D performed football training (twice weekly 30- to 60-minutes sessions) and received dietary advice, while D only received dietary advice. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was completed pre and post the 16-week period. Body composition, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were additionally measured. Both groups demonstrated a decrement (P < .05) in fasting blood glucose (-0.4 +/- 0.5 mmol.L-1) and lowered blood glucose throughout OGTT. F+D displayed lower values than D (P < .05) after 60 minutes (9.0 +/- 2.7 vs 10.6 +/- 2.9 mmol.L-1) and 120 minutes (5.7 +/- 1.6 vs 7.5 +/- 2.4 mmol.L-1). VO(2max )increased by 14% in F+D, with a higher (P < .05) change score than in D (2%). Mean arterial pressure declined more (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-8 +/- 9 vs -4 +/- 11 mm Hg). Fat loss was greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (-3.4 +/- 2.8 vs -1.2 +/- 2.0 kg), and the increase in lean body mass was also greater (P < .05) in F+D than in D (0.7 +/- 1.5 vs -0.3 +/- 1.6 kg). In conclusion, football training combined with dietary advice has broad-spectrum effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health profile with greater overall effects than professional dietary advice per se for 55- to 70-year-old women and men with prediabetes.
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| 4. |
- Connolly, L. J., et al.
(författare)
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Low-volume high-intensity swim training is superior to high-volume low-intensity training in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose control in inactive middle-aged women
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 116:10, s. 1889-1897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We tested the hypothesis that low-volume high-intensity swimming has a larger impact on insulin sensitivity and glucose control than high-volume low-intensity swimming in inactive premenopausal women with mild hypertension. Sixty-two untrained premenopausal women were randomised to an inactive control (n = 20; CON), a high-intensity low-volume (n = 21; HIT) or a low-intensity high-volume (n = 21; LIT) training group. During the 15-week intervention period, HIT performed 3 weekly 6-10 x 30-s all-out swimming intervals (average heart rate (HR) = 86 +/- 3 % HRmax) interspersed by 2-min recovery periods and LIT swam continuously for 1 h at low intensity (average HR = 73 +/- 3 % HRmax). Fasting blood samples were taken and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted pre- and post-intervention. After HIT, resting plasma [insulin] was lowered (17 +/- 34 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Following HIT, 60-min OGTT plasma [insulin] and [glucose] was lowered (24 +/- 30 % and 10 +/- 16 %; P < 0.05) but remained similar after LIT and CON. Total area under the curve for plasma [glucose] was lower (P < 0.05) after HIT than LIT (660 +/- 141 vs. 860 +/- 325 mmol min L-1). Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) had increased (P < 0.05) by 22 +/- 34 % after HIT, with no significant change after LIT or CON, respectively. Plasma soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 was lowered (P < 0.05) by 4 +/- 8 and 3 +/- 9 % after HIT and CON, respectively, while plasma soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 had decreased (P < 0.05) by 8 +/- 23 % after HIT only. These findings suggest that low-volume high-intensity intermittent swimming is an effective and time-efficient training strategy for improving insulin sensitivity, glucose control and biomarkers of vascular function in inactive, middle-aged mildly hypertensive women.
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| 5. |
- Helge, E. W., et al.
(författare)
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Recreational football training decreases risk factors for bone fractures in untrained premenopausal women
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 1600-0838 .- 0905-7188. ; 20:s1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present intervention was designed to investigate whether a 14-week period of regular recreational association football (F) or endurance running (R) has an effect on the risk of falls and bone fractures due to gains in muscle function and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD). Fifty healthy untrained Danish premenopausal women were randomized into two training groups (F and R) that trained 1.8 +/- 0.3 (+/- SD) and 1.9 +/- 0.3 h/week, respectively, and these groups were compared with an inactive control group (C). Jumping and dynamic muscle strength were tested and tibial vBMD was measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Total vBMD in left and right tibia increased by 2.6 +/- 2.3% and 2.1 +/- 1.8% (P < 0.005), respectively, in F and by 0.7 +/- 1.3% (P=0.05) and 1.1 +/- 1.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, in R without any significant changes in C. Similar results were found for trabecular vBMD. In F, peak jump power increased by 3 +/- 6% (P < 0.05), and hamstring strength during fast (240 degrees/s) and slow (30 degrees/s) contractions increased by 11 +/- 25% and 9 +/- 21%, respectively, (P < 0.05) without any significant changes in R or C. In conclusion, 14 weeks of regular recreational football improved peak jump power, maximal hamstring strength and vBMD in the distal tibia, suggesting a decreased fracture risk due to stronger bones and a reduced risk of falling.
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| 6. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Broad-spectrum health improvements with one year of soccer training in inactive mildly hypertensive middle-aged women
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188. ; 27:12, s. 1893-1901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study tested the hypothesis that long-term soccer training has positive impact on cardiovascular profile, body composition, bone health, and physical capacity in inactive, pre-menopausal women with mild hypertension. The study applied a randomized controlled design in which physically inactive middle-aged women were separated into a soccer training group (n=19; SOC) and a control group (n=12; CON). SOC performed 128 +/- 29 (+/- SD) one-h small-sided soccer training sessions over one year. Blood pressure, body composition, blood lipid profile, and fitness level were determined pre- and post-intervention. Over one year, mean arterial pressure decreased more in SOC than in CON (-5 +/- 7 vs +4 +/- 5mmHg; P<.05). Total-body fat mass decreased more (P<.05) in SOC than in CON (-2.5 +/- 2.5 vs +0.6 +/- 3.2kg; P<.05), while the change scores for lean body mass were not significantly different in SOC (2.6 +/- 2.7kg) compared to CON (1.1 +/- 1.9kg, P=.09). Over one year, change scores in whole-body bone mineral density (0.004 +/- 0.032 vs -0.019 +/- 0.026gcm2) as well as bone mineral content (30 +/- 70 vs -39 +/- 113g) were positive in SOC compared to CON (P<.05). Post-intervention plasma triglycerides decreased more (-0.1 +/- 0.7 vs +0.2 +/- 0.2mmolL-1) and HDL cholesterol increased more (0.2 +/- 0.7 vs -0.2 +/- 0.2mmolL-1) in SOC than in CON (P<.05). Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 (122 +/- 105 vs 2 +/- 21%) and 20-m sprint performance (6 +/- 6 vs -1 +/- 2%) increased more (P<.05) in SOC than in CON. In conclusion, long-term soccer training resulted in broad-spectrum improvements in the health profile of untrained, pre-menopausal women with mild hypertension, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and musculo-skeletal benefits.
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| 7. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of recreational football on women's fitness and health: adaptations and mechanisms
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 118:1, s. 11-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The review describes the fitness and health effects of recreational football in women aged 18-65 years. The review documents that 2×1 h of recreational football training for 12-16 weeks causes marked improvements in maximal oxygen uptake (5-15%) and myocardial function in women. Moreover, mean arterial blood pressure was shown to decrease by 2-5 mmHg in normotensive women and 6-8 mmHg in hypertensive women. This review also show that short-term (<4 months) and medium-term (4-16 months) recreational football training has major beneficial impact on metabolic health profile in women, with fat losses of 1-3 kg and improvements in blood lipid profile. Lastly, 2×1 h per week of recreational football training for women elevates lower extremity bone mineralisation by 1-5% and whole-body bone mineralization by 1-2% within 4-12-month interventions. These training adaptations are related to the high heart rates, high number of fast runs, and multiple changes of direction and speed occurring during recreational football training for untrained women. In conclusion, regular small-sided football training for women is an intense and versatile type of training that combines elements of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance training and strength training, thereby providing optimal stimuli for cardiovascular, metabolic and musculoskeletal fitness. Recreational football, therefore, seems to be an effective tool for prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases in young and middle-aged women, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes and osteopenia. Future research should elucidate effects of football training for elderly women, and as treatment and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients and other women patient groups.
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| 8. |
- Krustrup, P., et al.
(författare)
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The Yo-Yo IE2 Test: Physiological Response for Untrained Men versus Trained Soccer Players
- 2015
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Ingår i: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131. ; 47:1, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study aimed to examine the physical capacity and physiological response to the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance level 2 test (IE2) for untrained individuals (UTR) and trained male soccer players (TR) and to investigate the determinants of intense intermittent exercise performance. Methods Thirty-four healthy UTR males and 15 age-matched TR performed a maximal incremental treadmill test and a Yo-Yo IE2 test. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained, and heart rate (HR) was measured before, during, and after tests. Results UTR had a 67% lower (P < 0.01) Yo-Yo IE2 performance (665 271 vs 2027 +/- 298 m; effect size (ES), 4.8), 34% lower VO2max (P < 0.01), and 19% lower resting muscle glycogen (P < 0.05) than those of TR. Blood lactate concentration and HR during the first 560 m of the Yo-Yo IE2 test were higher (P < 0.01) in UTR than those in TR (560 m, 7.4 +/- 2.8 vs 2.4 +/- 0.8 mM; ES, 1.7-2.8; 188 +/- 11 vs 173 +/- 8 bpm; ES, 0.9-1.5), with no differences at exhaustion. Time >95% HRmax was lower (P < 0.01) in UTR than that in TR (1.0 +/- 1.1 vs 6.3 +/- 2.9 min; ES, 3.1). Mean rates of muscle creatine phosphate utilization (16.5 +/- 9.5 vs 4.3 +/- 2.7 mmolkg(-1) d.wmin(-1)), muscle lactate accumulation (16.8 +/- 9.1 vs 4.2 +/- 2.9 mmolkg(-1) d.w.min(-1)), and glycogen breakdown (29.6 +/- 14.2 vs 7.7 +/- 5.4 mmolkg(-1) d.w.min(-1)) were fourfold higher (P < 0.01; ES, 1.4-1.7) in UTR than those in TR. For UTR, correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between Yo-Yo IE2 performance and VO2max (r = 0.77), incremental treadmill test performance (r = 0.79), and muscle citrate synthase activity (r = 0.57) but not for TR (r = -0.12 to 0.50; P > 0.05). Conclusions The Yo-Yo IE2 test was shown to possess high construct validity by showing large differences in performance, HR, and anaerobic metabolism between UTR and TR. In addition, VO2max seemed to be important for intermittent exercise performance in UTR but not for TR.
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| 9. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of soccer vs swim training on bone formation in sedentary middle-aged women
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 115:12, s. 2671-2679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The present study examined the effects of 15weeks of soccer training and two different swimming training protocols on bone turnover in sedentary middle-aged women. Methods: Eighty-three premenopausal mildly hypertensive women [age: 45±6 (±SD)years, height: 165±6cm, weight: 80.0±14.1kg, body fat: 42.6±5.7%, systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure: 138±6/85±3mmHg] were randomized into soccer training (SOC, n=21), high-intensity intermittent swimming (HS, n=21), moderate-intensity swimming (MS, n=21) intervention groups, and a control group (C, n=20). The training groups completed three sessions per week for 15weeks. DXA scans were performed and resting blood samples were drawn pre- and post-intervention. Results: In SOC, plasma osteocalcin, procollagen type I N propeptide and C-terminal telopeptide increased (P<0.05) by 37±15, 52±23 and 42±18%, respectively, with no changes in MS, HS and C. The intervention-induced increase in SOC was larger (P<0.05) than in MS, HS and C. In SOC, leg BMC increased (P<0.05) by 3.1±4.5%, with a larger increase in SOC than inC. Femoral shaft and trochanter bone mineral density (BMD) increased (P<0.05) by 1.7±1.9 and 2.4±2.9%, respectively, in SOC, with a greater (P<0.05) change in SOC than inMS and C, whereas total body and total leg BMD did not change in any of the groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, 15weeks of soccer training with sedentary middle-aged women caused marked increases in bone turnover markers, with concomitant increases in leg bone mass. No changes in bone formation and resorption markers were seen after prolonged submaximal or high-intensity intermittent swimming training. Thus, soccer training appears to provide a powerful osteogenic stimulus in middle-aged women. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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| 10. |
- Mohr, Magni, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle ion transporters and antioxidative proteins have different adaptive potential in arm than in leg skeletal muscle with exercise training
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : Wiley. - 2051-817X. ; 5:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It was evaluated whether upper-body compared to lower-body musculature exhibits a different phenotype in relation to capacity for handling reactive oxygen species (ROS), H+, La-, Na+, K+ and also whether it differs in adaptive potential to exercise training. Eighty-three sedentary premenopausal women aged 45 +/- 6 years (mean +/- SD) were randomized into a high-intensity intermittent swimming group (HIS, n = 21), a moderate-intensity swimming group (MOS, n = 21), a soccer group (SOC, n = 21), or a control group (CON, n = 20). Intervention groups completed three weekly training sessions for 15 weeks, and pre- and postintervention biopsies were obtained from deltoideus and vastus lateralis muscle. Before training, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), Na+/K+ pump alpha(2), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expressions were lower (P < 0.05) in m. deltoideus than in m. vastus lateralis, whereas deltoid had higher (P < 0.05) Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) expression. As a result of training, Na+/K+ pump alpha(2) isoform expression was elevated only in deltoideus muscle, while upregulation (P < 0.05) of the alpha(1) and beta(1) sub-units, phospholemman (FXYD1), NHE1, and superoxide dismutase 1 expression occurred exclusively in vastus lateralis muscle. The increased (P < 0.05) expression of MCT4 and SOD2 in deltoid muscle after HIS and vastus lateralis muscle after SOC were similar. In conclusion, arm musculature displays lower basal ROS, La-, K+ handling capability but higher Na+-dependent H+ extrusion capacity than leg musculature. Training-induced changes in the ion-transporting and antioxidant proteins clearly differed between muscle groups.
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