| 1. |
- Dabek, M, et al.
(författare)
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alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) absorption from pig intestine and plasma pharmacokinetics
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. - : Wiley. - 0931-2439 .- 1439-0396. ; 89:11-12, s. 419-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG ( in different concentrations) was administered intravenously, intra-portally, orally and directly into the ileum or duodenum of pigs, chronically fitted with portal and jugular catheters and T-shaped cannula at the duodenum and ileum. Additionally, this study was conducted to determine the influence of low pH, Fe2+ or/ and SO42- on AKG gut absorption and conversely FeSO4 and FeSO4/AKG on Fe2+ gut absorption. It is concluded that AKG was significantly better absorbed from the upper small intestine than from the distal sections. Furthermore, low pH, Fe2+ and/or SO42- ions enhanced AKG absorption. The AKG administered to the portal vein was rapidly eliminated from the blood (half-life less than 5 min). The short lifetime for AKG is probably dependent on quick metabolism in the enteorcyetes and liver. However, the prolonged half-life can be related to its low AKG blood concentration. The Fe2+ concentrations in blood increased after FeSO4 and FeSO4/AKG duodenal infusion. The implication of above observations is important for practical application of the AKG in animal and human nutrition as well in medicine.
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| 2. |
- Dobrowolski, Piotr J., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate reduces gastrectomy-evoked loss of calvaria and trabecular bone in female rats
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 43:5, s. 551-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Surgical removal of the stomach (gastrectomy, Gx) leads to osteopenia in animals and in humans. In the rat, Gx adversely affects calvaria and trabecular bone. alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a precursor of hydroxyproline - the most abundant amino acid in bone collagen. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary AKG on Gx-induced osteopenia. Material and methods. Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Gx and divided between two groups: Gx+AKG in the drinking water and Gx+Vehicle (i.e. drinking water without AKG). Another 20 rats were sham-operated and divided between two groups: Sham+AKG and Sham+Vehicle. The daily dose of AKG was 0.43 g per 100 g rat. All the rats were killed 8 weeks later and the calvariae, femora and tibiae were collected. The integrity of the calvariae was analysed planimetrically, following transillumination and photography. The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in the right femorae and tibiae (bone densitometry), leaving the left femorae and tibiae to be analysed histomorphometrically (measurement of trabecular bone volume and trabecular fractal dimension). Results. Gx caused calvarial bone degradation, reduced trabecular bone (femur and tibia) and impaired trabecular architecture. In addition, Gx lowered the femoral/tibial BMC and BMD (mainly cortical bone). Dietary AKG counteracted the Gx-evoked impairment of calvaria and trabecular bone but failed to affect the BMC and the BMD in either sham-operated or Gx rats. Conclusions. Gx resulted in loss of calvarial, trabecular and cortical bone in the rat. AKG counteracted the effect of Gx on calvaria and trabecular bone but not on cortical bone.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kruszewska, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of the antibacterial activity of pig pancreatic juice on human multiresistant bacteria.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - 0885-3177. ; 28:2, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The role of the exocrine pancreas in regulating gut microflora colonization is unclear. The main objective in the current study was to assess the effect of pancreatic fluid on the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods: The antibacterial activity of pure pig pancreatic juice collected from catheterized, healthy, conscious, and anesthetized pigs was investigated with multiresistant microbial isolates and nonpathogenic strains. Studies were performed on pathogenic bacterial and fungi as well as lactic acid bacteria and reference strains. Results: Pancreatic juice was effective (P < 0.01) against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens, whereas lactic acid bacteria were insensitive. The antibacterial action was independent of pancreatic juice proteolytic activity. The in vitro antibacterial properties of pancreatic juice last for several hours. Data suggest that broth composition may modulate the intensity of pancreatic juice antibacterial activity. Conclusions: Pancreatic juice antibacterial activity may be an important factor in limiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. We postulate that observed antibacterial activity of the pancreatic juice could play an important role as one of the factors of innate immunity.
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| 5. |
- Kruszewska, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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Enteral crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin--phytohemagglutinin--induces maturational changes in the enterocyte membrane proteins of suckling rats.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biology of the Neonate. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9727. ; 84:2, s. 152-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to investigate the effect of enterally administered crude red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin, PHA, on the expression of brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) proteins, in particular Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), in the small intestine of suckling rats. Gavage of PHA to 14-day-old rats for 3 days resulted in altered protein/glycoprotein patterns as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblots demonstrated the appearance of two 71- and 27-kD protein bands indicative for NHE3 - one of the NHE isoforms - and PHA, respectively. PHA treatment also resulted in an augmented uptake of 22Na+ by the BBMV indicating an increase in NHE activity. Overall, the data suggests that enteral PHA exposure may induce maturational changes in enterocyte membrane proteins in young rats. In view of these findings, an investigation into the addition of PHA to infant formulas and weaning diets is warranted.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kruszewska, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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Pancreatic juice protects gut from pathogenic bacteria
- 2003
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Ingår i: Progress in Research on Energy and Protein Metabolism. - 0071-2477. - 9789076998244 ; 109, s. 303-305
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the exocrine pancreas in regulating gut microflora colonization is unclear. The main objective in the present study was to assess the affect of pancreatic fluid on the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Pancreatic juice samples used in the study were obtained from nine eight-week old weaned pigs in which catheters were implanted in the pancreatic duct. The antibacterial activity of pure pig pancreatic juice collected from healthy, conscious and also anaesthetized pigs was investigated with multi-resistant microbial isolates and non-pathogenic strains. Studies were performed on 23 bacterial and 2 Candida albicans isolates, including 4 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and 3 reference strains. Pancreatic juice was effective (p<0.01) against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens, whereas other strains had only moderate sensitivity (p<0.05) to its antibacterial action and furthermore LAB were insensitive. The antibacterial action was independent of pancreatic juice proteolytic activity and stable when measured before and after enterokinase activation of trypsinogen. We demonstrated in vitro, that the antibacterial properties of pancreatic juice last for several hours. Our data suggests that broth composition may modulate the intensity of pancreatic juice antibacterial activity in vitro; this can have implications for digestive related antibacterial activity in vivo. Thus, pancreatic juice antibacterial activity may be an important factor in limiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, in both the small and the large intestines. We postulate that observed antibacterial activity of the pancreatic juice could play an important role as one of the factor of innate immunity.
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| 9. |
- Kruszewska, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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Selection of lactic acid bacteria as probiotic strains by in vitro tests
- 2002
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Ingår i: Microecology and Therapy. - 0720-0536. ; 29, s. 37-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lactobacillus strains isolated from the colonic mucosa of healthy individuals (355) and Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from fermentation of ecologically cultured rye (180) were screened from binding of porcine mucin, expression of cell surface hydrophobicity and binding of collagen, fibronectin, fibrinogen, vitronectin and heparin. Seven strains (L. plantarum, L. paracasei ssp. paracasei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and pediococcus pentosaceus) were then selected for further studies. These strains all tolerated exposure to 20 % bile for 1 hr and pH 2,5 for 2 hrs, i.e. they have properties enabling them to survive transport through the gastrointestinal (GI) tact to the colon. All strains could utilise inulin or amylopectin as a sole carbon source during in vitro culture. Three strains produced beta-galactosidase, which has been proposed to alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance. They produced antimicrobial substance(s) with activity against the homologous strain and other gram-positive bacteria. Exposure of Lactoacillus strains to pH 5 for 1 hr induced de novo production of several proteins, five of which cross-reacted with strass proteins. This may protect other surface proteins and adhesins during transport through the GI-tract. Four LAB strains studied transcribed NF-kB to the nucleus of microphage U 937. This induced induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) by L. paracasei ssp.paracasei F19, L. plantarum 2592 and Pediococcus pentosaceus 16:1(10 up to 7 cell, 24 hrs) produced antioxidants, equivalent to 100 ug vitamin C. Since the availability of antioxidants decreases rostrally in the GI-tract production of antioxidants by colonic bacteria provides a beneficial effect in scavenging free radicals. The selected seven strains have been shown to survive transport to the colonic mucosa, and to have properties which makes them attractive candidates for use as probiotics.
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| 10. |
- Pierzynowski, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral changes in response to feeding pancreatic-like enzymes to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1525-3163 .- 0021-8812. ; 90:Suppl 4, s. 439-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavioral changes during pancreatic enzyme therapy have never been studied. The present study investigated behavioral changes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) pigs when their feed was supplemented with pancreatic-like enzymes of microbial origin. A crossover design study was used to test the effect of enzyme supplementation in 2 × 4 EPI pigs that underwent pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). After 40 d of adaptation, the study commenced, comprising 2 control and 2 enzyme feeding periods of 10 d each in sequence. On days 7 and 10 of each experimental period, behavior was monitored for 24 h and feed consumption and BW were recorded. Behavioral observations focused on the pigs' activity- lying down or passive, or sitting, or standing or active-and were expressed as percentage activity for 24 h. During the adaptation period, BW gain was completely inhibited after PDL whereas for the entire study period, the body weight increased from 10.5 ± 1.1 to 14.0 ± 1.4 kg (P < 0.01). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency pigs were more active when fed the enzymes (21 vs. 18% per 24 h; P < 0.01). Microbial enzyme supplementation not only improved the growth of the EPI pigs but it also increased their activity. This behavior change contradicts the generally accepted norm that satiety evokes by digestion and subsequent nutrients absorption reduces human or animal motility.
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