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- Jerve Ramsøy, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Attaining Durability in the European Resettlement Regime : The Role of Norms and Values
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Resettlement is a tool for the international protection of refugees which has received increased attention by the EU and member states in the wake of the 2015 refugee reception crisis. This report asks how to best ensure that resettlement functions as a durable solution for refugee protection, as is intended by the UNHCR. Here we consider ideas, practices, and actors within the European resettlement regime – from selection in first countries of asylum to the reception of resettlement beneficiaries and their integration in receiving municipalities. Our analysis is based on interviews and participant observation with actors involved in all steps of resettlement to Germany and Sweden, and from local and international organizations in countries of first asylum (Lebanon and Turkey), as well as comparative insights from the USA. Based on the best practices observed in our research material we provide recommendations that we deem conducive to a more holistic and humanitarian approach to resettlement. This includes facilitating spaces for resettlement beneficiaries’ agency throughout the regime, for ‘eye-level’ encounters of mutual respect between the actors involved, and for thinking long-term and holistically about integration as an intrinsic part of resettlement. Ultimately, we argue that centring durability in the different processes of resettlement can serve as a way for the EU to commit to the humanitarian values at the core of international refugee protection.
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- Pisanelli, I., et al.
(författare)
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Heterologous expression of an Agaricus meleagris pyranose dehydrogenase-encoding gene in Aspergillus spp. and characterization of the recombinant enzyme
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7598 .- 1432-0614. ; 86:2, s. 599-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyranose dehydrogenase (PDH) is a flavin-dependant sugar oxidoreductase found in the family Agaricaceae, basidiomycetes that degrade lignocellulose-rich forest litter, and is catalytically related to the fungal enzymes pyranose 2-oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase. It has broad substrate specificity and displays similar activities with most sugar constituents of lignocellulose including disaccharides and oligosaccharides, a number of (substituted) quinones, and metal ions are suitable electron acceptors rather than molecular oxygen. In contrast to pyranose 2-oxidase and cellobiose dehydrogenase, which oxidize regioselectively at C-2 and C-1, respectively, PDH is capable of oxidation on C-1 to C-4 as well as double oxidations, depending on the nature of the substrate. This makes it a very interesting enzyme for biocatalytic applications, as many of the reaction products are otherwise unaccessible by chemical or enzymatic means. PDH was characterized in detail in a limited number of fungi, and the first encoding genes were isolated only recently. We report here, for the first time, the heterologous expression of one of these genes, encoding the major PDH protein in Agaricus meleagris, in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus niger.
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